高中概率与统计的教学研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 20:16

本文关键词： 高中数学概率与统计教学策略　出处：《延边大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：概率与统计这块内容历经了高考变革,致使很多高中教师总是从经验出发来对这一模块的内容进行相应的讲授,无论教师还是学生都对这门课的变革方向的认识存在不足,对于概率与统计的理解也不到位,致使在教学中出现一些错误和偏差,这给实际教学带来了很多困扰。由于新课标与以前课程标准的系列变化,还有高考知识考点的变化所在,教师应该根据这些要求灵活变化教学方式与教学手段,不能固守己见地坚持原来的教学方式。新课标中的概率与统计教学不只是强调对于知识的掌握,还包括情感、意志的磨练以及实际生活能力的培养。概率统计知识的特殊性决定了学生要想领悟其精华和核心,必然需要经过一段亲自收集数据、亲自去检验结果并随时调整认知、走向生活实际的一个过程,应该说短时间内很难完成这样一种蜕变,所以当下的概率与统计教学不理想的原因与教学进度的安排有一定关系,所以这门课的特殊性决定了必须去除急功近利的思想认识。本论文从分析高中新课标概率与统计的内容和教学原则出发,通过调查问卷法、个别访谈法和当面课堂观察相结合的方式,聚焦于高中概率与统计的教学基本现状还有其问题背后的原因分析,同时结合精心设计的调查问卷、对教师的访谈和实际走访情况等,寻找有效改善高中概率与统计教学的相应对策。就是在此基础上,先对教师当前的概率统计专业水平进行前期调查研究,再对学生的学习实际进行问卷调查分析,对学生的学习应用能力进行专业性的研究,对当前提高教师的教学水平及如何增强学生的应用实践能力提出自己的思考,并且针对当前的整体教学改革提出自己的观点。教师在新课标的教学改革指导下,不只是需要及时更新自己的教学观念,还需通过日常实践强化自身的概率统计基本思想,树立以学生为本的观念,重视数学思想的贯穿,从而创新适合自身教学的多元模式。当然,还应该在教学中注意问题情境的生活化,不断培养学生应用概率统计的能力,除了大家熟悉的案例教学和建立模型外,还应该根据概率统计的特点多尝试教学实验法,在信息技术的熟练应用中提高自身的教学水平,实现良好的教学效果。
[Abstract]:The content of probability and statistics has undergone the reform of the college entrance examination, which has led many senior high school teachers to teach the content of this module from experience. Whether teachers or students have insufficient understanding of the reform direction of this course, The understanding of probability and statistics is also not in place, which leads to some errors and deviations in teaching, which brings a lot of troubles to the actual teaching. Because of the series changes of the new curriculum standard and the previous curriculum standard, and the change of the examination places of the college entrance examination knowledge, According to these requirements, teachers should change their teaching methods flexibly and not stick to their original teaching methods. The teaching of probability and statistics in the new curriculum standard not only emphasizes the mastery of knowledge, but also includes emotion. The particularity of the knowledge of probability and statistics determines that in order to understand the essence and core of the knowledge, students must collect the data in person, check the results and adjust their cognition at any time. It should be said that it is very difficult to complete such a transformation in a short period of time in the process of moving towards the reality of life. Therefore, the present probability has something to do with the reasons for the unsatisfactory teaching of statistics and the arrangement of teaching progress. Therefore, the particularity of this course determines that we must get rid of the thought of quick success and instant benefit. This paper starts from the analysis of the probability and statistical content and teaching principles of the new curriculum standard in senior high school, and through the method of questionnaire, The combination of individual interview and in-person classroom observation focuses on the basic teaching situation of high school probability and statistics and the reasons behind the problems. At the same time, it combines with the carefully designed questionnaire. On the basis of the interviews and actual visits of teachers, the corresponding countermeasures to effectively improve the teaching of probability and statistics in senior high school are sought. On this basis, the current professional level of probability and statistics of teachers is investigated and studied in the early stage. Secondly, through questionnaire survey and analysis of students' learning practice, the author makes a professional study on students' learning application ability, and puts forward some thoughts on how to improve teachers' teaching level and how to enhance students' applied practical ability. Under the guidance of the new curriculum standard, teachers not only need to update their own teaching concepts in time, but also need to strengthen their basic idea of probability statistics through daily practice. We should set up a student-oriented concept, attach importance to the penetration of mathematical thoughts, so as to innovate the multi-mode suitable for our own teaching. Of course, we should also pay attention to the life of problem situations in teaching, and constantly cultivate the students' ability to apply probability statistics. In addition to the familiar case teaching and modeling, we should try teaching experiment method according to the characteristics of probability and statistics, improve our teaching level and achieve good teaching effect in the skillful application of information technology.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.6

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