高中文言文阅读教学的问题与对策研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 02:02

本文关键词： 高中文言文阅读教学问题对策评价　出处：《河南师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：文言文是高中语文课程中的重点,学生学习文言文对帮助他们增强语言运用能力,形成一定的传统文化底蕴,传承中华民族优秀的历史文化遗产具有重要作用。文言文又是高中语文教学中的难点,学生普遍认为文言文艰深难懂,提不起学习的兴趣,对文言知识的掌握情况不佳,在考试中失分现象严重,一些教师在文言文教学中倾注了大量精力却难以收到理想的效果。出于对文言文的重要性和问题的紧迫性的认识,本文对当前高中文言文阅读教学中存在的问题进行研究。通过文献法,领会新课标对文言文阅读教学的要求,梳理我国古代阅读教学的理论和方法,汲取有效教学的相关理论,并以此为切入点来思考如何提升高中文言文阅读教学中的效率和效益。通过问卷调查法和访谈法,深入了解当前高中文言文阅读教学的现状,并从学生、教师、教材等方面找出存在的具体问题。学生方面主要是学习兴趣不够浓厚,没有养成好的学习习惯和掌握适宜的学习方法,学习基础比较薄弱;教师方面主要是教学策略运用不当,学法指导有所欠缺,以及没有充分发挥教学评价的作用。在对问题进行归纳和梳理之后,进一步从学生与教师两方面找出问题的成因。教师在教学中起主导作用,应该从自身角度出发,针对当前存在的问题,在教学准备阶段和实施阶段采取相应的对策,并且运用适宜的评价策略来改善文言文教学。在教学准备阶段,应该积极转变陈旧观念,包括汲取新课标理念,加强有效教学理念和树立“文”“言”并重的文言文教学观;应该准确分析学情,了解学生的学习基础,注意初高中知识的衔接,了解学生的个体差异,注意因材施教;还应该正确设定教学目标,并且通过教材的二次开发以及抓住文体特征合理预设教学内容;在教学实施阶段,可以对传统阅读教学方法进行整合,通过灵活运用串讲法来突出教学重难点,加强诵读方法指导来帮助学生形成文言语感,通过高效提问进行启发诱导,运用评点式阅读引导学生进行合作探究。教学评价方面,应该按照新课标的要求组织教学评价,注意评价目的的发展性,评价内容的全面性,评价方式的多样化和评价主体的多元化,使教学评价更好地发挥其对教学的诊断、激励和发展作用。
[Abstract]:Classical Chinese is the focus of the Chinese curriculum in senior high school. Students study classical Chinese to help them enhance their ability to use the language and form certain traditional cultural background. Inheriting the excellent historical and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation plays an important role. Classical Chinese is also a difficult point in the teaching of Chinese in senior high school. Students generally think that classical Chinese is difficult to understand, can not raise interest in learning, and has poor knowledge of classical Chinese. The phenomenon of score loss in the examination is serious, some teachers put a lot of energy into the classical Chinese teaching, but it is difficult to achieve the desired results. Out of the recognition of the importance of classical Chinese and the urgency of the problem, This paper studies the problems existing in the teaching of classical Chinese reading in senior high school. Through the method of literature, the author understands the requirements of the new curriculum standard for the teaching of classical Chinese, combs the theories and methods of ancient reading teaching in our country, and draws on the relevant theories of effective teaching. With this as a starting point to think about how to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of classical Chinese reading teaching in senior high school. Through questionnaire survey and interview, we can deeply understand the current situation of reading teaching of classical Chinese in senior high school, and from the students, teachers, The students' interest in learning is not strong enough, they do not develop good study habits and master appropriate learning methods, the learning foundation is relatively weak, and the teachers mainly use teaching strategies improperly. After summarizing and combing the problems, we can find out the causes of the problems from the two aspects of students and teachers. The teachers play a leading role in teaching. In view of the existing problems, we should take corresponding countermeasures in the stage of teaching preparation and implementation, and use appropriate evaluation strategies to improve the teaching of classical Chinese, and in the stage of teaching preparation, we should adopt appropriate evaluation strategies to improve the teaching of classical Chinese. We should actively change the old ideas, including absorbing the new curriculum standards, strengthening the effective teaching idea and setting up the teaching concept of classical Chinese with equal emphasis on "text" and "words", and we should accurately analyze the learning situation, understand the students' learning foundation, and pay attention to the connection of the knowledge between middle and high school. Understand the individual differences of students, pay attention to teaching according to their aptitude, and set the teaching goal correctly, and through the second development of the teaching material and grasp the stylistic characteristics of reasonable teaching content, in the stage of teaching implementation, We can integrate the traditional teaching methods of reading, highlight the difficulties in teaching by using the method of serialization flexibly, strengthen the guidance of reading methods to help students form the sense of classical Chinese, and enlighten the students by asking questions efficiently. In teaching evaluation, we should organize teaching evaluation according to the requirements of new curriculum standard, pay attention to the development of evaluation purpose and the comprehensiveness of evaluation content. The diversification of evaluation methods and evaluation subjects makes teaching evaluation play a better role in teaching diagnosis, encouragement and development.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.33

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