高中生原始化学问题解决的研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 11:25

本文关键词： 高中生原始化学问题问题解决　出处：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：化学学科在人类的发展中起着重要的作用,其服务于生活生产,在生活生产中有着广泛而重要的应用。化学教学的目的就是培养学生运用化学学科知识解决实际问题。在以前对高中生问题解决的研究中发现,学生在解决实际问题问题是往往存在困难,为了解决这个问题,我们可以引用原始化学问题作为新型的教学材料。原始化学问题是直接来源于自然界、社会生活以及生产实践,保持最初的状态未被人为加工改造,能够反映科学概念、规律本质的一些科学现象和事实。在培养学生思维品质,激发学习动机,锻炼创新能力等方面有着独特的作用。通过对原始化学问题的研究,不但可以丰富学生的课堂学习,完善学生的化学作业,更加可以提高学生解决实际问题的能力。本研究通过文献研究和理论分析方法,对相关概念进行界定,研究分析原始化学问题的特征和教育功能,分析论文的理论基础；通过调查法和访谈法,进行实证研究,探查学生解决原始化学问题的障碍；根据实证研究的结果,提出在化学教学中运用原始化学问题进行教学的建议。在对学生提交上来的测试卷分析后发现,高中生在解决原始化学问题的过程中存在障碍,主要表现在以下四个方面：高中生具有解决原始化学问题的问题表征障碍,高中生具有解决原始化学问题的知识应用障碍,高中生具有解决原始化学问题的意志品质障碍,高中生具有解决原始化学问题的思维方法障碍。并通过访谈,对影响原始化学问题解决的因素进行了分析。根据对学生的访谈发现,学生认为原始化学问题相较于化学习题,是有难度的,主要是受到表征能力,知识应用能力,心理素质以及思维方法的影响。根据实证的研究和分析提出原始化学问题应用于化学教学的建议：根据学生的实际水平和教学进度选择恰当的原始化学问题,在原始化学问题的课堂教学中梯度设问,降低原始化学问题的难度,除此之外,在化学作业中逐步渗透原始化学问题,让学生学会解决原始化学问题。
[Abstract]:Chemistry plays an important role in the development of human beings. The purpose of chemistry teaching is to train students to use chemistry knowledge to solve practical problems. In order to solve this problem, students often have difficulties in solving practical problems. In order to solve this problem, we can use the original chemical problem as a new type of teaching material. The original chemical problem comes directly from nature, social life and production practice. Keeping the initial state unaltered by artificial processing can reflect some scientific phenomena and facts that reflect the essence of scientific concepts and laws. By studying the original chemistry problems, we can not only enrich the students' classroom learning, but also improve the students' chemistry homework. This research can improve the students' ability to solve practical problems. Through literature research and theoretical analysis, this study defines the related concepts, studies and analyzes the characteristics and educational functions of the original chemical problems, and analyzes the theoretical basis of the paper. Through the methods of investigation and interview, the author conducts an empirical study to explore the obstacles for students to solve the original chemical problems, and according to the results of the empirical research, After analyzing the test papers submitted by the students, it is found that there are obstacles in the process of solving the original chemistry problems in senior high school students. It is mainly shown in the following four aspects: high school students have the problem representation obstacle to solve the original chemistry problem, the high school student has the knowledge application obstacle to solve the original chemistry problem, the senior high school student has the will quality obstacle to solve the original chemistry problem, The high school students have the obstacle of thinking method to solve the original chemistry problem. Through the interview, the author analyzes the factors that influence the solution of the original chemistry problem. According to the interview with the student, the students think that the original chemistry problem is compared with the chemistry problem. It is difficult, mainly due to the ability of representation, the ability to apply knowledge, According to the empirical research and analysis, the author puts forward some suggestions for the application of original chemistry problems in chemistry teaching: selecting appropriate original chemistry problems according to students' actual level and teaching progress. In order to reduce the difficulty of the original chemistry problem, the original chemistry problem is gradually infiltrated in the chemistry homework, so that the students can learn to solve the original chemistry problem.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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