古典诗歌空白结构与教学探讨

发布时间：2018-02-28 09:06

本文关键词： 古典诗歌空白结构教学层次教学策略　出处：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为中国古典文学的巅峰，诗歌在当前的语文教学中越来越受重视。古典诗歌的空白结构作为创构文本的一种潜结构，聚集了大量的潜在信息，形成了诗歌的意境，蕴含着中华文化中独有的只可意会不可言传的巨大审美张力，是语文教学中必须要注意却较难把握的一个部分，不见空白和乱补空白的教学乱象依然大量存在。如何突破古典诗歌“有言”的困境，在其“不着一字”的空白结构里“尽得风流”呢？本文试从古典诗歌空白结构的理论出发，结合其在中学语文教学实践中的具体体现和运用进行探讨。古典诗歌的空白结构是指中国古典诗歌中所存在的语言空缺、叙述中断或者叙事要素的缺席等断裂和不连贯的空间结构。它是古典诗歌无言的意义建构方式，召唤读者通过联想、想象、体味等方式进行填充、完善和建构，具有含蓄性、开放性、建构性的审美特征。诗歌文本本身、文本的创作与接受等为古典诗歌空白结构的形成提供了条件和土壤。寻找与填补文本结构中的空白，可以提高学生对诗歌文本的理解程度，让诗歌教学更加高效，在这片跃动着生命的无边虚白中实现终极的人文关怀。细观古典诗歌空白结构的教学层次，我们会发现形式层、再现层、表现层三个层面层层留白：我们可以着眼于在古典诗歌空白结构的形式层教学，捕捉文字形象空白，感受语言音乐空白，了解句式结构空白，把握整体风格空白；可以着眼于古典诗歌空白结构的再现层教学，揣摩意象空白，描述诗境空白；可以着眼于古典诗歌空白结构的表现层教学，理解多元语义空白，品味悖谬语义空白，领悟模糊语义空白。在具体的教学实践中，教师应努力提高自己对诗歌文本的解读能力，准确把握古典诗歌的空白结构，重视学生体悟诗歌空白的心理过程，设计一套行之有效的寻找空白、填补空白的教学策略：引导学生创设探寻空白结构的情境之美，品读感知空白结构的精彩美点，字斟句酌空白结构的语用之妙，深悟填补空白结构的内在意蕴，以宽容理解的心态给学生创造一个心灵驰骋的空白空间，以自身的积极参与一步步引导学生透过表象深入实质，向更宽广更深邃的诗意世界探索，自有限处见无限，于微尘处见大千。针对古典诗歌空白结构教学中可能出现的问题，本文进行了分类总结，并提出了相应的解决办法，如：贴近文本选择性填补空白结构，尊重文本进行主体性解读，，巧妙运用布白式教学，丰富填补语感图式等。最后，根据以上对古典诗歌空白结构与教学的理论研究和实践探讨，整理出一个典型的教学案例：《登高教学设计》，以个案的形式对文中观点进行论证。
[Abstract]:As the peak of Chinese classical literature, poetry is paid more and more attention in the current Chinese teaching. The blank structure of classical poetry, as a latent structure of creating text, gathers a lot of potential information and forms the artistic conception of poetry. It contains a huge aesthetic tension which can only be unspeakable in Chinese culture. It is a part of Chinese teaching that must be paid attention to but difficult to grasp. How to break through the dilemma of classical poetry "have words", in its "not a word" in the blank structure of the "to do so"? Based on the theory of blank structure of classical poetry, this paper discusses its concrete embodiment and application in the practice of Chinese teaching in middle school. The blank structure of classical poetry refers to the language vacancy in classical Chinese poetry, the break of narrative interruption or the absence of narrative elements, and the discontinuous spatial structure, which is the silent construction of meaning in classical poetry. The readers are filled, perfected and constructed by association, imagination and body taste, which have the aesthetic characteristics of implicature, openness and constructiveness. The creation and acceptance of texts provide the conditions and soil for the formation of the blank structure of classical poetry. Finding and filling the gaps in the structure of texts can improve students' understanding of poetry texts and make poetry teaching more efficient. To realize the ultimate humanistic concern in this boundless blankness of life. If we look at the teaching level of the blank structure of classical poetry, we will find the formal layer, the reproduction layer, We can focus on teaching in the form layer of blank structure of classical poetry, capture the blank of character image, feel the blank of language music, understand the blank of sentence structure and grasp the blank of whole style; We can focus on the reconstruction of classical poetry blank structure teaching, figure out the image blank, describe the poetic blank, can focus on the classical poetry blank structure performance layer teaching, understand the multi-semantic blank, taste the paradoxical semantic blank, In the concrete teaching practice, teachers should improve their reading ability of poetry text, grasp the blank structure of classical poetry accurately, and attach importance to the psychological process of understanding poetry blank. To design a set of effective teaching strategies to find and fill the blank: to guide students to create the beauty of the situation to explore the blank structure, to read the wonderful beauty of the perceptual blank structure, and to choose the pragmatic beauty of the blank structure. Deeply understand the inner meaning of filling in the blank structure, create a blank space for students to gallop with their mind with tolerance and understanding, and guide students step by step through the appearance of the essence with their active participation. To explore the broader and deeper poetic world, we can see the infinite from the limited place, see the big thousand in the dust. In view of the problems which may appear in the blank structure teaching of classical poetry, this paper has carried on the classification summary, and has proposed the corresponding solution. Such as: close to the text to fill in the blank structure selectively, respect the text for subjective interpretation, skillfully use the cloth white teaching, enrich the filling language sense schema and so on. Finally, According to the above theoretical research and practical discussion on the blank structure and teaching of classical poetry, a typical teaching case, "Teaching Design for climbing High", is put forward to demonstrate the viewpoint of the paper in the form of individual cases.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.3

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