现行“北师大版”与“人教版”初中数学教材图形与几何部分的比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 01:17

本文选题：北师大版　切入点：人教版　出处：《广西师范学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文是对现行的北师大版与人教版初中数学教材的图形与几何部分进行比较,共分为五个主要部分。第一部分是介绍本研究的背景、研究现状以及主要研究方法。第二、三部分从宏观与微观两个方面进行比较,笔者认真研读两套教材12本书,利用Excel软件制作图表与统计图,并绘制章节结构图进行对比分析。笔者将宏观层面分为“整体特征”、“章节编排”、“体系特点”三个主要方面;微观层面分为“课题引入方式”、“旁白”、“插图”、“例题”、“习题”这五个主要方面。第四部分加入同课异构与教材比较的创新结合,首先选取教材评价的三个标准,然后选取编排差异较大的两个内容(“多边形的内角和”、“轴对称与坐标变化”)进行课堂实录并观察学生的课堂情况,接着对授课教师以及部分学生进行访谈,最后根据教学案例分析以及访谈结果得到教材对教学的影响,从而比较两版本教材的优势及不足。第五部分是进行总结,得出本研究的主要结论:一、宏观层面1.北师大版的色彩要更丰富一些,内容分布较为细致,章命名活泼、贴近生活,所含数学史个数略高。人教版教材合理使用几何画板与画图软件,所含探究性学习活动个数远多于北师大版教材。2.北师大版教材图形与几何部分所占比重较大;北师大版中每册将图形与几何、数与代数、概率统计三部分穿插安排,而人教版教材将图形与几何部分的内容连在一起;有些内容北师大版安排在两个年级不同章节,而人教版安排在同一年级的同一章节。3.北师大版教材的特色栏目是“学习目标”;人教版教材的特色栏目是“课题学习”、“数学活动”、“本章知识结构图”、“部分中英文词汇索引”。二、微观层面1.两套教材均是问题情境的引入方式多。人教版教材的直接给出方式多,北师大版教材的问题情境方式和复习引入方式都多。2.人教版教材的旁白总量远远多于北师大版教材。人教版教材基础性较强。3.两套教材都是生活类插图最多。北师大版教材七年级的插图数量明显多于八、九年级,人教版教材则是八年级上册的插图多;到八年级下册以后两套教材所含插图的数量就基本一致了。4.两套教材的例题总数差不多。例题类别都是纯数学背景占的最多。例题推理水平都是简单推理水平占最大比例。例题探究水平都是识记与理解两个水平的例题所占比重较大。5.北师大版教材的习题的总个数多于人教版教材,两套教材的课后习题个数占总习题个数的一半多。两套教材都是基础类的练习题目最多。三、同课异构比较1.两版本教材的编排与学生的起始程度和预定发展目标相符合,有利于教师组织教材。2.两套教材都充分渗透了数学思想方法。3.两套教材设计色彩鲜明,生动活泼,贴近生活,可以充分调动学生积极性,激发学生的求知欲,符合学生的心里发展特征与规律。4.学生主动构建新知识,从多个方面强化学生的感知和知识发生过程。四、两版本教材的各自特点北师大版教材的特点:1.教材的设计生动活泼,能够充分调动学生的学习兴趣。2.教材的知识内容具有基础性和典型性。3.教材的编排体系体现了一种螺旋式上升的结构。4.教材中很好的展现并渗透了数学的思想与文化价值。人教版教材的特点:1.教材适用性很普遍,符合绝大部分学生的发展情况。2.教材很好的展现知识的生成过程,能引导学生主动构建新知识。3.教材的编排体系既有直线式的,又有螺旋式的,变化多样。
[Abstract]:This paper is part of the current graphics and geometry bjnu edition and middle school textbooks are compared, is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction of the research background, research status and research methods. The comparison of the second, third part from the macro and micro two aspects, the author carefully read two the 12 sets of textbooks Book charting and statistical chart by using Excel software, and draw the map sections of the structure were analyzed. The macro level is divided into "whole character", "chapter arrangement", "three aspects of system characteristics; micro level is divided into" the introduction "," narrator "," illustrations "," examples "," the five main problems. "Fourth part innovation compared with the heterogeneous classes and textbooks with three standard textbook evaluation is selected firstly, and then select the layout differences in two months Let ("polygon angles", "axial symmetry and coordinate change") was to observe the students' classroom and classroom observation, and interviews to the teachers and students, according to teaching case analysis and interview results influence the textbook for teaching, so as to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two versions of textbooks. The fifth part it is summed up the main conclusions of this study: first, the macro level 1. Beijing Normal University version of the color to be richer, more detailed content distribution, chapter named lively, close to life, with a slightly higher number of the history of mathematics. The rational use of geometric sketchpad drawing software and PEP, contained a number of inquiry learning activities more than bjnu edition textbook of Beijing Normal University Edition.2. graphics and geometric part of a larger proportion; Beijing Normal University edition of each book graphics and geometry, number and algebra, probability and statistics with an three part Row, and PEP the graphics and geometry parts together; some of the contents of bjnu edition arrange different from grade one to two chapters, and PEP arranged in the first grade with the same section.3. of Beijing Normal University Edition characteristic column is "learning goals"; textbook characteristics the column is "project learning", "Mathematics activity", "the knowledge structure map", "part of the English vocabulary index. Two, the micro level 1. two sets of teaching materials are introduced. The way of problem situations directly give way of PEP materials, the total narrator Beijing Normal University edition textbook problem situation the way and the way of multi.2. review introduction of PEP materials far more than bjnu edition textbooks. PEP based strong.3. two materials are life illustrations most. Bjnu edition textbook of grade seven illustrations significantly more than the number of eight, grade nine, teaching Is the version of the textbook of grade eight of the total number of illustrations; examples to grade eight after the two sets of textbooks are illustrated on the basic agreement.4. of the two sets of textbooks. Examples are the most similar categories of pure mathematics background accounted for. Examples are the simple reasoning level reasoning level accounted for the most proportion. Examples of inquiry level is the memory and understanding of two level examples of a larger proportion of.5. Beijing Normal University edition textbook exercises more than the total number of teaching materials, more than half the total number of exercises exercises a number of the two sets of textbooks. The two sets of textbooks are the basis of class exercises. Up to three, the initial degree of arrangement and students with the heterogeneous class 1. two versions of textbooks and the intended development goals consistent, will help teachers organize teaching materials.2. the two sets of textbooks have full penetration of mathematical thoughts and methods of.3. two sets of materials design color is bright, lively and vivid, paste In life, we can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the students, stimulate the curiosity of students, meet the students' development characteristics and rules of the heart.4. students to construct knowledge actively, from several aspects of strengthening students' perception and knowledge process. The four characteristics of the two versions of textbooks, the respective characteristics of Beijing Normal University Edition: 1. design lively and vivid teaching materials the content of knowledge, to fully mobilize the students' interest in learning.2. teaching is the basic and typical.3. teaching material arrangement system demonstrates a good structure of.4. spiral materials and penetration of the ideological and cultural value of mathematics. The characteristics of teaching materials: 1. textbooks is very common, in line with the majority of students in the development of.2. materials is very good to show the process of knowledge formation, can guide the students to actively construct new knowledge.3. teaching material arrangement system is linear, and screw type There is a variety of changes.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.6

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