中学化学与大学化学衔接问题的调查与研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 13:09

本文选题：高中化学　切入点：大学化学　出处：《湖南师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了了解新课程改革后,当前高中化学与大学化学之间的衔接现状及存在的问题,本人进行了中学与大学化学教材的分析研究和对大一新生化学学习情况的调查访谈。首先,本研究选取了人教版高中化学教材和湖南大学、湖南师范大学以及衡阳师范学院三所高校所使用的三个不同版本《无机化学》教材为材料,对其知识内容、知识结构以及编排顺序方面进行教材的分析比较,以了解当前高中化学教材与大学化学教材知识的衔接情况,并指出教师应该注重做好教学衔接的地方及具体措施;然后采用中国科学院专家编制的封闭式调查问卷对来自湖南大学、湖南师范大学以及衡阳师范学院三所高校的化学类专业的大一新生共计620人在第一学期开始之初进行问卷调查。通过研究分析,对该次调查结果未能明确的问题及有待继续调查的方面再次编制封闭式补充调查问卷,于第一学期即将结束之际,从曾接受过第一次问卷调查的新生中随机抽取300名学生再次进行调查。通过对教材的研究及两次调查问卷的结果进行整理分析,得出了以下结论:(1)由于高中所选教材模块不同,学生进入大学时的化学知识储备不同,大学化学教学却不能做到有针对性的因材施教,当前中学化学与大学化学知识的衔接非常薄弱。(2)高中阶段与大学阶段的化学教育在教学方式上并没有适当地进行有效的衔接,高中化学教学围绕考试而进行,大学化学教学授课速度快、知识容量大,由于缺乏必要的过度衔接,学生刚进入大学时一下子难以适应。(3)由于中学的条件限制和高考仅考知识性内容,中学普遍重视知识教学,忽视实验教学,学生动手实验的机会较少,动手能力和自主探究意识不强,而大学阶段的化学实验占有重要地位,且重视学生的动手能力和自主意识。因此,中学化学实验教学与大学化学实验教学也缺乏较好的衔接。最后,基于以上三个方面的问题,本文进行一定的分析研究,分别提出相应的意见建议供参考。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the current situation and problems existing in the connection between senior high school chemistry and college chemistry after the new curriculum reform, I have conducted an analysis of chemistry teaching materials in middle schools and universities and an investigation and interview on freshmen's chemistry learning. First of all, In this study, three different versions of Inorganic Chemistry textbook used in Hunan University, Hunan normal University and Hengyang normal University were selected as materials, and their knowledge content was analyzed. This paper analyzes and compares the knowledge structure and the arrangement order of the teaching materials in order to understand the connection between the chemistry textbooks of senior high school and the college chemistry textbooks, and points out that teachers should pay attention to the places and concrete measures of teaching cohesion. Then, a closed questionnaire compiled by experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences was used to analyze the data from Hunan University. A total of 620 freshmen majoring in chemistry in Hunan normal University and Hengyang normal University conducted a questionnaire survey at the beginning of the first semester. A closed supplementary questionnaire was again developed on questions that were not clear about the results of the survey and on those to be further investigated, towards the end of the first semester, 300 students were randomly selected from the freshmen who had been surveyed for the first time. Through the study of the teaching materials and the results of the two questionnaires, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) because of the different modules of the teaching materials chosen by the senior high school, When students enter the university, the chemical knowledge reserve is different, but the college chemistry teaching can not be targeted to teach students according to their aptitude. At present, the link between middle school chemistry and college chemistry knowledge is very weak. (2) Chemistry education in senior middle school and university does not have a proper and effective link in teaching methods, and chemistry teaching in senior high school is carried out around examinations. The teaching speed of college chemistry teaching is fast, and the knowledge capacity is large. Due to the lack of necessary excessive convergence, it is difficult for students to adapt to the condition of middle school when they enter university.) because of the condition of middle school and the examination of knowledge content in college entrance examination, the middle school generally attaches importance to knowledge teaching. Ignoring the experimental teaching, the students have less chance of hands-on experiment, less practical ability and self-inquiry consciousness, and the chemistry experiment in the university stage plays an important role, and attaches importance to the students' hands-on ability and autonomous consciousness. There is also a lack of good connection between chemistry experiment teaching in middle school and college chemistry experiment teaching. Finally, based on the above three problems, this paper makes some analysis and research, and puts forward corresponding suggestions for reference.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8;O6-4

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