中学历史教学中的科学精神塑造再研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 01:33

本文选题：历史教学　切入点：科学精神　出处：《聊城大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：历史学的科学精神是指一种基于个人独立思考和实证分析的求是思维、求真态度。它反对人云亦云、捕风捉影、论点先行,强调依据材料说话,有一份材料说一份话,不作没有依据的妄断。只有具备了科学思维、求真精神的人,才能理性地看待问题,冷静地解决所遇到的难题。本文从三个方面,探讨了如何在中学历史课堂中塑造学生的科学精神。第一章分析了客观立场与科学精神培养之间的关系。所谓客观立场,就是超越个人情感,从中立角度看待问题。养成一种客观立场,有助于学生抛弃个人先入为主的好恶,从客观角度去分析和理解历史。本章首先介绍了何为史学的客观立场,并提出客观立场养成的几个方面,认为可以通过客观阅读和理解历史事件、人物等方面来引导学生形成客观立场。第二章分析了史料熏陶与科学精神培养之间的关系。史料是进行历史研究的基本凭借,没有史料,就不可能复原历史。依据材料说话,一切判断都从材料得来,这是历史科学精神的集中体现。所以,在中学历史课堂中,引导学生形成“有一份材料说一份话”的史料意识和历史思维,对于他们理性、科学地看待和解决问题,具有极为重要的意义。第三章分析了论文写作与科学精神培养之间的关系。科学精神是一种合理有据的思维模式,要想让学生将科学精神内在化,形成不自觉的习惯,就必须训练他们撰写历史小论文。撰写历史小论文是最好的科学思维训练方式。训练学生掌握学术规范和组织文字的过程,有助于学生养成严谨的表述习惯、合理的思维逻辑和科学的分析能力。中学历史教学固然应该将提高学生考试成绩作为核心目标,但是从长远来看,只有帮助学生真正领会历史学习的精髓,掌握历史研究所隐含的科学精神,才能从根本上提高学生分析和解决问题的能力。
[Abstract]:The scientific spirit of history refers to a kind of seeking truth thinking based on individual independent thinking and empirical analysis. It opposes others to follow the others' lines, catches the shadow of others, puts the argument first, emphasizes to speak according to the material, and has a piece of material to say a word. Only those who have the scientific thinking and the spirit of seeking truth can treat problems rationally and calmly solve the problems encountered. This paper discusses how to shape the students' scientific spirit in the history class of middle school. The first chapter analyzes the relationship between the objective stand and the cultivation of the scientific spirit. It is helpful for students to abandon their preconceived likes and dislikes, and to analyze and understand history from an objective point of view. And put forward several aspects of developing objective position, think that through objective reading and understanding of historical events, The second chapter analyzes the relationship between the edification of historical materials and the cultivation of scientific spirit. Historical data is the basic basis for historical research. Without historical data, it is impossible to recover history. All judgments come from materials, which is a concentrated embodiment of the spirit of historical science. Therefore, in the history class of middle schools, students are guided to form the historical material consciousness and historical thinking of "having a piece of material to say a word", for them to be rational. It is of great significance to treat and solve problems scientifically. Chapter three analyzes the relationship between the writing of papers and the cultivation of scientific spirit. The spirit of science is a reasonable and well-founded mode of thinking, in order to make students internalize the spirit of science. In order to form an unconscious habit, they must be trained to write a history essay. Writing a history paper is the best training method for scientific thinking. It trains students to master the process of academic norms and the organization of writing. It is helpful for students to form rigorous expression habits, reasonable thinking logic and scientific analytical ability. Although the history teaching in middle school should take the improvement of students' test scores as the core goal, in the long run, Only by helping students to understand the essence of history study and grasp the scientific spirit implied in history research can students' ability of analyzing and solving problems be improved fundamentally.
【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.51

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