高中物理电磁学演示实验资源的开发与实践

发布时间：2018-04-01 08:35

本文选题：电磁学　切入点：演示实验　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：物理学是一门以实验为基础的学科。物理学中通常是在实验的基础上提出各个概念、规律、定律等并进一步通过其它实验去验证所提出的观点的正确性。因此在高中物理教学中,实验教学有着举足轻重的地位,而演示实验作为实验教学的一部分,也是必不可少的。目前,我国的课堂教学已进入一个全新的教学模式,新课改要求:学生的观察能力、动手能力以及学生的科学素养都要通过高中课程的学习来培养,而物理实验教学则是实现这一目标的很好的途径,也是物理课程改革的重要资源。但是,长期以来受传统思想和升学率的影响,物理实验教学在高中物理教学中是相对薄弱的环节,并未受到学生教师或者是家长的重视。再加上实验资源的短缺以及实验课时安排的不足,使的实验教学变成了实验讲授课。而演示实验只是作为辅助学生理解所教授的内容而存在的实验,考试中不直接考,课标学习中也没有硬性要求,更使得演示实验流于形式,但是由于其有助于对物理抽象概念的理解,所以加强物理实验以及物理演示实验的教学,对于促进物理教学及其改革具有重要的意义。对于初步培养学生的科学素养,初高中的物理实验教学则是一个起点。因而,在中学物理实验课的实际教学中,我们一定要重视培养学生的独立操作实验能力和基本的实验技能,让学生从开始就养成良好的实验素养。每次实验课的教学时,教师首先要让学生理解实验的基本原理、正确利用实验仪器、掌握实验操作过程,包括读数、计数和处理实验结果等技能,并通过实验过程来分析和推理,最后得出我们预想的结论。本文从高中物理电磁学部分物理实验资源相对缺乏这一点出发,对电磁学演示实验资源进行开发和实践,共分为四部分内容。首先,分析了在当前新的教学模式下的物理实验教学所面临的问题和沪科版的高中物理课本中电磁学的教学内容,并给出了本课题研究的目的、意义和课题研究的思路,且提出一些所想到的关于高中物理电磁学演示实验课程资源开发的相关策略。其次对国内外电磁学演示实验研究现状进行分析,得出开发电磁学演示实验资源有着很重要的意义。然后结合建构主义和动机理论等理论基础,进而得出加强电磁学演示实验资源开发是很有必要的。具体的工作有对已有的高中物理电磁学实验教学进行了调查和分析;对高中电磁学实验课程资源开发与实践案例,电磁学演示实验资源进行了研究开发和整合,给出了15个电磁学演示实验案例,旨在为各位同行提供参考。最后,给出研究结论以及对电磁学演示实验资源的开发建议,从中发现实验资源的开发有多种方式,可以改进实验器材、可以改进实验方法、也可以用其他实验来代替原有实验、更可以将原有实验与多媒体相结合进行演示。希望今后与各位同行共同研究并改进。
[Abstract]:Physics is a subject based on experiments. Physics is usually on the basis of experiment put forward various concepts, rules and law and further correct by other experiments to verify the proposed idea. So in the senior high school physics teaching, experimental teaching plays a pivotal role, and as a demonstration experiment part of the experimental teaching, is also essential. At present, the classroom teaching in China has entered a new mode of teaching, the new curriculum requirements: the students' observation ability, practical ability and scientific literacy of students to cultivate the high in the course of the study, and the physical experiment teaching is a good way to achieve this goal, but also an important resource of the physics curriculum reform. However, for a long time under the influence of traditional ideas and the enrollment rate, the physical experiment teaching is the weak link in Physics Teaching in senior high school, and Not by students teachers or parents attention. Plus the shortage of resources and the arrangement of experimental class is insufficient, the experimental teaching into experimental teaching. And demonstration experiment just as Professor assist students to understand the content of experiment, test no direct test, there is no hard learning curriculum request, makes the demonstration form, but because of the help of the abstract concept of physical understanding, so to strengthen the physical experiment and teaching of physics demonstration experiment, it has important significance for promoting the physical teaching and Reform for primary cultivation of the scientific literacy of students, junior high school physics experiment teaching is a starting point thus, in the actual teaching of physics experiment teaching in middle school, we must pay attention to the cultivation of students' experimental ability of independent operation and basic experimental skills, let the students have from the beginning A good experimental literacy. Each experiment teaching, teachers should first let students understand the basic principle of the experiment, the correct use of experimental instruments, master the operation process, including experimental readings, counting and processing experimental results and other skills, and through the experimental process analysis and reasoning, finally draws the conclusion. In this paper we expected high school physics electromagnetics physics experimental resources relative lack of this point of view, the development and practice of electromagnetism demonstration experiment resources, which is divided into four parts. Firstly, analyzed the teaching contents of electromagnetism physics textbook of senior middle school physics experiment teaching in new teaching mode under the current problems and Shanghai Branch version of the and gives the research purpose, significance and research ideas, and put forward some electromagnetic experiments about the high school physics curriculum resources development related policy thought Slightly. Next to the domestic and foreign research electromagnetic experiments to analyze the status quo, the resource development demonstration experiment of electromagnetism has very important significance. Then combined with the constructivism and motivation theory, and then come to strengthen the development of demonstration experiment resources of electromagnetics is very necessary. The specific work of high school physics experiment teaching of electromagnetics an investigation and analysis of the experiment of senior high school; curriculum resources development and practice, demonstration experiment of electromagnetism resource development and integration, gives 15 electromagnetic demonstration experiment case, in order to provide reference for colleagues. Finally, give the conclusion of the study and development of electromagnetic demonstration experiment resources, find out the development of experimental resources in a variety of ways, can improve the experimental equipment, can improve the experimental method, can also be used in other experiments to replace the original There is an experiment. We can combine the original experiment with the multimedia to demonstrate it. We hope to work together with your colleagues and improve it in the future.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

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