高一学生物理学科学习状况和存在问题及对策

发布时间：2018-04-19 18:49

本文选题：高一物理学习 + 存在问题　；参考：《河北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：联合国大会于2004年6月通过决议:承认物理学为了解自然界提供了重要基础;注意到物理学及其应用是当今众多技术进步的基石;确信物理教育提供了建设人类发展所必需的科学基础设施的工具,物理是一门重要学科,高中物理奠定了一个学生一生的物理学基础,而高一物理又是高中三年的基础,而在笔者的教学生涯中发现,高一学生物理学习情况存在许多问题,导致学生学习兴趣缺乏,成绩下降,入门困难。论文首先阐述了各种文献对高一学生物理学科学习现状的研究成果,确立了皮亚杰的认知发展理论、动机理论、最近发展区理论为本文的理论基础。笔者对昌黎一中高一的四个普通班进行了问卷调查,调查学生物理学科的学习现状。通过对调查问卷的数据分析得到高一学生物理学科学习存在下列问题:物理成绩满意度低;相比于初中,觉得高中物理难度大,表现出不适应;物理学困生学习动机弱于物理成绩优秀者;课堂学习行为不能自主,需要教师指导;在物理中应用数学能力薄弱;不善于以抽象概念或理论为前提的科学推理;物理学习的良好习惯和品质有待养成。接着本文分析了出现这些问题的原因:初高中物理在教材上、课程对学生的能力要求上、教师教法上存在显著差异。还有高一学生认知发展实际上是处于具体运算阶段或是从具体运算阶段向形式运算阶段过渡的时期。最后本文针对出现问题的原因,提出了解决问题的策略:高中教学要从知识内容上、能力要求上进行有效的初高中衔接;教师在教学方法上要主动适应学生的特点,满足学生的要求;可以利用实验、物理学史、良好的师生关系来强化学习动机。
[Abstract]:The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a resolution in June 2004: recognizing that physics provides an important basis for understanding nature; noting that physics and its applications are the cornerstones of many technological advances today; Convinced that physics education provides the tools for building the scientific infrastructure necessary for human development, that physics is an important subject, that high school physics lays the physical foundation of a student's life and that high school physics is the foundation of three years of high school, However, in my teaching career, I found that there are many problems in physics learning of senior one students, which leads to the lack of interest in learning, the decline of achievement and the difficulty of getting started. Firstly, this paper expounds the research results of various literatures on the present situation of physics study of senior high school students, and establishes Piaget's cognitive development theory, motivation theory and proximal development area theory as the theoretical basis of this paper. A questionnaire survey was carried out in four ordinary classes in Changli No. 1 Senior Middle School to investigate the present situation of students' study of physics. Through the data analysis of the questionnaire, it is found that there are the following problems in physics subject study of senior high school students: low satisfaction degree of physics achievement, high school physics difficulty compared with junior high school students, which shows that they are not adapted to it; The learning motivation of the students with physics learning difficulties is weaker than that of the outstanding students with physical achievements; the classroom learning behavior is not autonomous and needs the guidance of teachers; the ability of applying mathematics in physics is weak; they are not good at scientific reasoning based on abstract concepts or theories. The good habit and quality of physics study need to be developed. Then this paper analyzes the causes of these problems: junior high school physics in textbooks, curriculum requirements on the ability of students, teachers in the teaching method has significant differences. In fact, the cognitive development of senior one students is in the stage of concrete operation or transition from concrete operation stage to formal operation stage. Finally, aiming at the causes of the problems, this paper puts forward some strategies to solve the problems: high school teaching should be effective in terms of knowledge content and ability requirements, teachers should actively adapt to the characteristics of students in teaching methods. Meet the requirements of students; can use experiments, physics history, good teacher-student relationship to strengthen learning motivation.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

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