高中物理教学中逆向思维能力培养的策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 15:27

本文选题：逆向思维 + 物理教学　；参考：《贵州师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济社会的高速发展,人类已进入知识经济时代,具有创新能力的人才紧缺成为每个行业的紧迫问题。创新能力的人才首先需具备创新的思维能力,高中阶段是学生思维能力形成和发展的关键时期,逆向思维作为一种发散性的创新思维,是创新人才必备的一种思维方式,高中物理教学中培养学生的逆向思维能力有着积极的意义。本文首先简要介绍了思维和逆向思维的概念,以及逆向思维的类型和特点,然后就高中物理教学中逆向思维能力培养的现状进行调查分析,在此基础上,以相关教学理论、学习理论为指导,结合自己长期的教学实践经验,探讨出了在高中物理概念规律、实验及习题教学中培养学生逆向思维能力的一些教学策略。在概念规律教学中可以通过逆向创设物理情境,引导鼓励学生逆向思考和猜想,转变提问方式,双向及多向思维,对比分析互逆因素等培养逆向思维能力。在实验教学中可以通过非常规演示实验,变验证实验为探究实验,探索不同方法进行实验,利用逆向思想积极改进和创新实验等培养逆向思维能力。在习题教学中可以通过克服思维定势,一题多解,一题多变,根据可逆原理解题,逆因果、常规程序解题,转换研究对象或问题解题等培养逆向思维能力。根据教学策略进行教学实验研究表明,逆向思维能力培养的策略是有效和可取的,学生学习物理的兴趣有了明显提高,从不同角度思考问题的意识得到增强,思维更具灵活性,创新思维能力得到了有效的提高。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, mankind has entered the era of knowledge economy, and the shortage of talents with innovative ability has become an urgent problem in every industry. The creative ability talents need to have the innovative thinking ability first, the senior middle school stage is the student thought ability formation and the development key period, the reverse thought as one kind of divergent innovation thought, is the innovation talented person must one kind of thinking way. It is of positive significance to cultivate students' ability of reverse thinking in physics teaching in senior high school. This paper first introduces the concepts of thinking and reverse thinking, as well as the types and characteristics of reverse thinking, and then investigates and analyzes the present situation of the cultivation of reverse thinking ability in physics teaching in senior high school. Under the guidance of learning theory and combining with one's long-term teaching experience, this paper discusses some teaching strategies for cultivating students' ability of reverse thinking in physics concept law, experiment and exercise teaching in senior high school. In the teaching of concept law, the students can be encouraged to think and conjecture in reverse, to change the way of questioning, to think in both directions, and to develop the ability of reverse thinking through contrastive analysis of reciprocal factors. In experiment teaching, we can cultivate the ability of reverse thinking by using unconventional demonstration experiment, changing validation experiment into inquiry experiment, exploring different methods of experiment, and actively improving and innovating experiment by reverse thought. In the exercise teaching, we can train the ability of reverse thinking by overcoming the fixed thinking pattern, solving one problem more than one problem, changing one problem, solving problem according to reversible principle, inverse cause and effect, conventional procedure solving problem, changing research object or problem solving, etc. The experimental research on teaching according to the teaching strategy shows that the strategy of cultivating the ability of reverse thinking is effective and desirable, the students' interest in learning physics has been obviously improved, the consciousness of thinking from different angles has been enhanced, and the thinking is more flexible. Innovative thinking ability has been effectively improved.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

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