高中化学教材中有机化学内容的国际比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 05:20

本文选题：高中化学课程 + 有机化学　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：高中化学课程作为科学教育的重要组成部分,是高中核心课程之一,对培养学生科学素养、促进学生的全面发展有着不可替代的作用。随着基础教育课程改革的推进,各国也纷纷掀起了对化学课程的改革。教材是课程的依托,是课程改革理念的直接体现,教材的质量将直接影响着人才培养的素质和课程标准能否落实。因此,对教材进行比较研究,有助于推进我国新课程改革的进行,有利于基础教育事业的发展。有机化学是研究有机化合物的组成、结构、性质、制备方法和用途的科学,在高中化学课程中占据着非常重要的地位。而在教材的编写中选取哪些知识才能体现出有机化学的学科特点,这些知识又该如何进行编排和呈现,以利于学生有效地进行学习,以促进学生的全面发展呢?本研究顺应国际课程改革的要求,选取世界范围内基础教育相对比较发达的六个代表性国家主流的高中化学教材(中国、美国、日本、新加坡、俄罗斯、澳大利亚的),针对教材中的有机化学内容进行研究。借鉴前人对教材分析比较的模型,本研究主要从内容的选取、内容的编排、内容的呈现方式(有机化合物具体知识的呈现方式、图表系统、栏目的设置)、实验的设计、习题的设计五个方面分析各国教材的特点,总结出我国有机化学教材的优缺点,为我国教材的编写提供借鉴和启示。通过比较研究各国有机化学内容的特点,得出如下结论：(1)中国对于有机化学内容的选取较为系统全面,但是太过于强调以知识为中心,教材中体现STS的内容选取较少,因此,应该注重内容选取的均衡化；其次内容的选取要注重学科的综合性和交叉性。(2)中国教材中栏目多为问题性栏目和活动性栏目,说明注重培养学生思考问题的能力和实践探究能力。相比于国外,缺乏与信息技术整合的栏目的设置。(3)中国有机化学教材中实验的数量是所有国家中最多的,科学探究作为实验的一个重要表现形式,有利于提高学生的探究能力。但实验内容的设计缺乏生活化和趣味性,且对实验安全的重视度不够,有待于进一步加强。(4)中国教材中习题的数量较少,且不能满足各学习水平学生的需要,因此,应适当增加习题的数量,且习题的层次性和针对性有待加强。
[Abstract]:As an important part of science education, chemistry curriculum in senior high school is one of the core courses in senior high school, which plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating students' scientific literacy and promoting students' all-round development. With the advancement of the curriculum reform of basic education, many countries have set off the reform of chemistry curriculum one after another. The teaching material is the backing of the curriculum and the direct embodiment of the idea of curriculum reform. The quality of the teaching material will directly affect the quality of talent training and whether the curriculum standard can be carried out. Therefore, the comparative study of teaching materials is helpful to promote the new curriculum reform and the development of basic education. Organic chemistry is a science that studies the composition, structure, properties, preparation methods and applications of organic compounds, which plays an important role in senior high school chemistry curriculum. What knowledge can reflect the characteristics of organic chemistry in the compilation of textbooks, and how to arrange and present these knowledge in order to facilitate the students to learn effectively to promote the overall development of students? In accordance with the requirements of international curriculum reform, this study selects mainstream senior high school chemistry textbooks from six representative countries with relatively developed basic education worldwide (China, the United States, Japan, Singapore, Russia). In Australia, the content of organic chemistry in textbooks is studied. Referring to the previous models of teaching material analysis and comparison, this study mainly from the content selection, content arrangement, content presentation (organic compound specific knowledge presentation, chart system, column setting, experimental design, This paper analyzes the characteristics of teaching materials in various countries from five aspects of exercise design, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of organic chemistry textbooks in China, and provides reference and inspiration for the compilation of textbooks in China. Through comparative study of the characteristics of organic chemistry content in various countries, the following conclusion is drawn: (1) the selection of organic chemistry content in China is more systematic and comprehensive, but too much emphasis is placed on knowledge as the center, and the content of STS in textbooks is less selected, so, We should pay attention to the equalization of content selection; secondly, we should pay attention to the comprehensive and intersecting nature of subjects in the selection of content.) the columns in Chinese textbooks are mostly problem columns and activity columns. This paper explains how to cultivate students' ability of thinking and practical inquiry. Compared with foreign countries, the number of experiments in Chinese organic chemistry textbooks is the largest in all countries. As an important form of experiment, scientific inquiry is an important form of experiment, which is helpful to improve students' inquiry ability. However, the design of the experiment content is short of life and interest, and the safety of the experiment is not paid enough attention to. It needs to be further strengthened. The number of exercises in Chinese textbooks is less, and it can not meet the needs of students at all levels of study. The number of exercises should be increased, and the levels and pertinence of the exercises need to be strengthened.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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