近五年（2010-2014）高考历史材料解析题（必修内容）量化统计研究（除上海卷外）

发布时间：2018-05-08 12:17

本文选题：材料解析题 + 高考试卷　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：材料分析题是高考历史试题中的重要题型,以往对高考历史材料题的研究多是从解题技巧、史料教学等角度宏观性介绍,缺少一些具体数据上的量化研究。鉴于每个地区所选取的选修内容不尽相同,特别是上海卷使用的是区别于其他地区的教材和课程标准,本文以近五年高考历史材料解析题(必修内容)(除上海卷外)为研究对象,采用计量研究的方法,从具体考点及分值分布、试题主题、试题考查范围与比重、史料运用情况四方面进行分析,并在比较全国卷与地方卷的基础上,以上海卷为例分析上海卷的地域特色。全文共分为三个部分：第一部分从具体考点及分值分布、试题主题、试题考查范围与比重、史料运用情况四方面对高考历史材料解析题(必修内容)基本情况进行量化研究分析。从纵向和横向两个方面对具体考点及分值分布进行分析。纵向上总结了近五年的考点分布状况,并着重分析了包括“工业革命、晚清中国经济结构的变化和民族工业的兴起、汉到元政治制度的演变、维新思想、商业的发展、1840至1900年间西方列强侵略与中国人民的反抗斗争、英国君主立宪制的确立”七个重点常考内容以及二十个从未在材料题(必修内容)部分出现的知识点。横向上,研究2010-2014每个年份考点的分布状况,并列出了每年考点数量及重要知识点；在主题考查情况方面,试题在考核上虽然力求做到平衡政治史、经济史、思想文化史的要求,但是仍然以经济史考查最多。另外值得注意的是当前高考背景下对文明史的关注；就试题范围与比重情况看,近年来试题考查比较侧重近代史和中国史,但是其他方面也有涉及,而且近代史比例呈下降的趋势,古代史则有上升。这表明高考历史试卷考核比例正在不断优化合理之中,力图做到既兼顾中国史和世界史的考查,又平衡分散到各个时间段上的知识；在史料运用情况方面,史料来源多源化,但史家著作仍是主体；史料呈现形式多样,但仍以文字史料为主。第二部分通从具体考点分值分布、试题主题、时段、史料等四个方面将全国卷与地方卷进行对比研究。第三部分为分析上海卷的地域特色,鉴于上海卷的特殊性,主要从命题内容、卷面表现形式、评价方式等方面分析上海卷的地域特色,得出上海卷坚持创新、新颖成熟的总特点。
[Abstract]:The material analysis question is an important question type in the history test of the college entrance examination. In the past, the research on the historical material question of the college entrance examination is mainly from the angle of problem solving skills, historical materials teaching and so on, but it lacks some quantitative research on the concrete data. In view of the fact that the contents of the elective courses are not the same in each region, in particular, the Shanghai volume uses teaching materials and curriculum standards that are different from those of other regions, This paper takes the historical material analysis of the college entrance examination in recent five years (except the Shanghai volume) as the research object, adopts the metrological research method, from the concrete examination spot and the score distribution, the question topic, the examination question examination scope and the proportion, On the basis of comparing the national volume with the local volume, the paper analyzes the regional characteristics of Shanghai volume by taking Shanghai volume as an example. The full text is divided into three parts: the first part is from the specific test site and distribution of score, the subject of the test, the scope and proportion of the examination, The application of historical materials to the analysis of historical materials in the college entrance examination (compulsory content) of the basic situation of quantitative research and analysis. The distribution of specific test sites and scores are analyzed from the vertical and horizontal aspects. This paper summarizes the distribution of examination sites in the past five years, and analyzes the changes of economic structure in late Qing Dynasty, the rise of national industry, the evolution of political system from Han to Yuan Dynasty, and the idea of reform, including the Industrial Revolution, the change of China's economic structure in the late Qing Dynasty and the rise of national industry. From 1840 to 1900, the invasion of Western powers and the struggle of the Chinese people, the establishment of the British monarchy, "the seven key points are often examined, and twenty knowledge points that have never appeared in the material question (compulsory content)." Horizontally, the distribution of test sites in each year 2010-2014 is studied, and the number of test sites and important knowledge points are listed each year. In terms of subject examination, although the examination questions strive to balance the requirements of political history, economic history, and ideological and cultural history, But economic history is still the most studied. In addition, it is worth noting that in the context of the current college entrance examination, attention has been paid to the history of civilization. As far as the scope and proportion of the examination questions are concerned, in recent years the examination has focused more on modern history and Chinese history, but other aspects have also been involved. In addition, the proportion of modern history decreased, while the ancient history increased. This shows that the examination proportion of the history examination paper of the college entrance examination is being continuously optimized and reasonable, trying to balance the examination of Chinese history and world history, and balancing the knowledge scattered to every time period; in the application of historical data, the historical materials come from many sources. However, historians' works are still the main body; historical materials take various forms, but they are still mainly written historical materials. The second part makes a comparative study of the national volume and the local volume from four aspects: the distribution of specific test points, the subject of the test, the period of time and the historical data. The third part is to analyze the regional characteristics of the Shanghai volume. In view of the particularity of the Shanghai volume, it mainly analyzes the regional characteristics of the Shanghai volume from the aspects of propositional content, the form of its surface expression and the evaluation method, and draws the conclusion that the Shanghai volume adheres to innovation. The general characteristic of novelty and maturity.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.51

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