大连市初中生物实验教学现状调查与分析

发布时间：2018-05-18 14:01

本文选题：大连市 + 中学生物实验教学　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：生物学是一门以实验为基础的科学,在中学开展生物实验教学是生物教育中的重要组成部分,它可以培养学生的观察能力、分析和解决问题能力、实验技能、创新能力及科学的工作态度,生物学科学素养的培养在很大程度上有赖于生物实验教学。因此,更新教育观念,提高对生物实验教学的认知水平显得尤为重要。本文所研究的实验教学中的实验具体指的是:探究实验、演示实验、验证实验、课外实验、开放式自主实验。采用了问卷调查、访谈、实地考查实验课、查阅资料等方法随机抽样分析了大连市12所初中的生物实验教学现状。结果表明:各学校对实验课的重视程度、学生实验分组情况、演示实验开出率已经有了较大提高。同样也发现了存在的问题:第一,生物教师教学观念、教学行为、专业素养与新课标的要求有一定的差距;第二,生物实验课时少;第三,领导对生物实验教学的重视程度已有了很大提升,可生物实验员、实验材料、仪器设备还是不够充足;第四,生物教师对学生实验的评价模式单一,往往是教师通过观察学生的实验操作和实验效果,然后进行评价;第五,生物实验室很少对学生自由开放。产生这些现状的原因是多方面的:课时少;生物教师教学行为等,应该从根本上改变这种情况,加强中学生物实验教学,提高学生理论联系实际和动手操作能力。针对大连市生物实验教学存在的问题,我们给出以下几个方面建议:首先,教师根据新课标要求、课程内容和学生特点开展多类型的实验课教学及生物竞赛活动,尽可能保证所有的学生都能体验科学探究实验的过程,发展学生的动手操作能力和创造能力;其次,作为教师,要改变教育观念,积极参加实验技能相关的职后培训,运用多媒体等现代化教学设备,采用多元化的教学方法活化课程,真正把自己的角色定位在是学生学习的引导者;第三,增加生物实验课时比例;第四,学校进一步重视生物实验教学,结合实际情况备好实验材料,按照初中生物实验室标准配齐实验仪器及设备,优化实验环境;最后,改变现有的实验评价模式,运用多元化的评价方法,注重体验分享交流原则,从而保证生物实验课的实施。
[Abstract]:Biology is a science based on experiment. The teaching of biology experiment in middle school is an important part of biology education. It can train students' ability of observation, analysis and solving problems, experiment skills, etc. To a great extent, the cultivation of innovation ability, scientific work attitude and biological scientific literacy depends on biological experiment teaching. Therefore, it is very important to renew the educational concept and improve the cognitive level of biological experiment teaching. The experiments studied in this paper include inquiry experiment, demonstration experiment, verification experiment, extracurricular experiment and open independent experiment. The present situation of biology experiment teaching in 12 junior middle schools in Dalian was analyzed by means of questionnaire, interview, field test, and reference materials. The results show that the degree of attention to experimental classes, the grouping of students' experiments and the rate of demonstration experiments have been greatly improved in each school. Some problems have also been found: first, there is a gap between biology teachers' teaching concept, teaching behavior, professional accomplishment and the requirements of the new curriculum standard; second, there is less class time in biological experiments; third, The leaders have paid great attention to the biology experiment teaching, but the biological experimenter, the experiment material, the instrument equipment are not enough; fourth, the biology teacher's evaluation model to the student experiment is single, Teachers often observe students' experimental operation and effect, and then evaluate. Fifth, biology laboratory is seldom open to students. There are many reasons for the present situation: short class hours, teaching behavior of biology teachers, etc., we should fundamentally change this situation, strengthen the biology experiment teaching in middle school, and improve the students' ability of combining theory with practice and practical operation. In view of the problems existing in biology experiment teaching in Dalian, we give the following suggestions: firstly, according to the requirements of the new curriculum standard, the teachers carry out various kinds of experimental teaching and biological competition activities according to the requirements of the new curriculum standard, the content of the curriculum and the characteristics of the students. As far as possible to ensure that all students can experience the process of scientific inquiry experiments, develop students' hands-on and creative abilities; secondly, as teachers, they should change their educational concepts and actively participate in post-vocational training related to experimental skills. Using multimedia and other modern teaching equipment, adopting diversified teaching methods to activate the curriculum, truly positioning their role as the guide of students' study; third, increasing the proportion of class hours in biological experiments; fourth, The school pays more attention to the biology experiment teaching, prepares the experiment material according to the actual situation, adjusts the experiment instrument and the equipment according to the junior high school biology laboratory standard, optimizes the experiment environment; finally, changes the present experiment appraisal pattern, In order to ensure the implementation of biological experiment course, the principle of experience sharing and communication should be paid attention to by using diversified evaluation methods.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.91

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