中美两国高中数学教材空间几何体内容的比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 06:36

本文选题：中美 + 教材　；参考：《杭州师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：进入二十一世纪,随着全球教育改革的发展,我国也在2001年拉开了基础教育课程改革的序幕,并于2004年对高中教育进行课程改革。为了更好地进行普通高中课程改革,对普通高中课程进行国际比较是需要的,也是必要的。教材作为知识的载体,体现了课程目标和教学内容,所以对教材进行研究也成为教育界的焦点话题。本研究选取我国人教版普通高中课程标准实验(A版)教材和美国Prentice Hall出版的Prentice hall mathematics geometry为研究对象,以高中学段几何模块中的空间几何体内容为载体,对两国教材进行静态文本分析。本研究主要包含三个问题:两国教材关于空间几何体内容的整体内容有什么特点;两国教材关于空间几何体内容在内容的呈现上有什么异同;两国教材关于空间几何体内容在对学生的要求方面有什么异同。本研究主要采用的研究方法是内容分析法、比较法,结合运用概念图、Excel等工具,通过定量与定性分析得到以下结论:1、从教材的整体内容上看,人教版教材外观朴实,色彩单一。而PH版教材色彩艳丽、字体大、行距宽,对重点的内容均有相应的彩色标记,而且在中美两国教材中均会留出较大的空白处,以此方便学生做笔记;2、从章节编写的顺序上看,人教版教材系统性较强,更注重数学概念的整体性,内容大体遵循“结构特征——三视图和直观图——表面积和体积”的顺序,而PH版教材条理清晰,内容大体遵循“正投影图——展开表面图和截面——结构特征——表面积——体积”的顺序;3、从教材的内容呈现上看,PH版教材重视概念之间的联系和概念的应用,人教版教材重视概念的规范,概念的叙述比较整齐、一致。在概念的建立方式上,PH版教材多以情境引入,并辅以图表,来建立具体的概念,并且都会配置范例;而人教版教材存在某些概念没有配置范例的现象。在范例的理解和解题过程上,PH版教材更适合学生自学,可读性强;4、从对学生的要求上看,人教版教材涉及的背景领域较少,而PH版教材涉及的领域广泛。中美两国教材主要考察对知识的程序性技能,而对知识的探究类问题较少。最后,基于本研究的研究结论,总结中美两国高中数学教材各自的特点,为我国高中数学教材的编写提供几点建议。
[Abstract]:In the 21 century, with the development of the global education reform, our country also opened the prelude of the basic education curriculum reform in 2001, and carried on the curriculum reform to the high school education in 2004. In order to reform the curriculum of ordinary high school, it is necessary and necessary to make international comparison. As the carrier of knowledge, the teaching material embodies the course goal and teaching content, so the research on the teaching material has also become the focus topic in the field of education. In this study, we choose the teaching material of Chinese ordinary senior high school curriculum standard experiment A) and the Prentice hall mathematics geometry published by American Prentice Hall as the research object, and take the spatial geometry content in the geometry module of senior middle school as the carrier. The static text analysis is carried out on the textbooks of the two countries. This research mainly includes three questions: what are the characteristics of the whole content of the two countries' textbooks about the spatial geometry content, what are the similarities and differences in the content presentation of the two countries' textbooks about the spatial geometry content; What are the similarities and differences in the content of space geometry between the two countries? The main research methods used in this study are content analysis, comparative method, and the use of concept map and Excel. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. From the overall content of the teaching material, the teaching material of human education is simple in appearance and simple in color. On the other hand, the PH version of the textbook has bright colors, large fonts, wide line spacing, corresponding color marks to the key contents, and there will be large gaps in the textbooks of both China and the United States, so as to facilitate students to take notes and look at the order in which the chapters are compiled. The teaching materials of human education are more systematic, pay more attention to the integrity of mathematical concepts, and follow the order of "structural characteristics-three views and intuitive diagrams-surface area and volume", while the PH edition is well organized. The contents generally follow the sequence of "normal projection graph-unfolded surface diagram and cross-section-structural feature-surface area-volume". From the presentation of the content of the textbook, the author points out that PH edition of the textbook attaches importance to the relationship between the concepts and the application of the concept. The textbook emphasizes the standard of concept, and the narration of concept is neat and consistent. In the way of concept establishment, PH edition textbooks are mostly introduced by context, supplemented by graphs to establish concrete concepts, and all of them will be configured with examples, while there is some phenomenon that some concepts do not have paradigms in the teaching materials of human education. In the process of understanding and solving problems of examples, PH edition textbook is more suitable for students' self-study and readability. From the point of view of students' requirements, the teaching materials of human education version involve less background fields, while PH edition textbooks involve a wide range of fields. Chinese and American textbooks mainly examine the procedural skills of knowledge, but there are few inquiring questions about knowledge. Finally, based on the conclusions of this study, this paper summarizes the characteristics of Chinese and American senior high school mathematics textbooks, and provides some suggestions for the compilation of Chinese senior high school mathematics textbooks.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.6

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