高考物理实验题与培养学生实验能力的调查研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 09:20

本文选题：高考 + 物理实验　；参考：《云南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：高考是中、高等教育的桥梁,是教育改革和发展的风向标。1999年起再一轮的普通高中新课程改革陆续在全国铺开。物理学的基础是实验,实验试题是物理高考不可或缺的内容之一。新课程改革之后,物理高考的考查内容和形式发生了很大改变,更加注重学生能力的培养。高考对中学物理教育有选择和导向的功能,在这样的背景下分析高考实验试题的内容、形式和要求,研究学生物理实验能力的现状,了解影响学生实验能力的因素对物理教学具有重要的指导意义。与此同时,高考物理中的实验试题如考查学生能力,如何促进学生实验素养的提高是值得研究和探讨的问题。这项研究一方面顺应新课程改革的要求,为其提供一份参考;另一方面也为中学物理实验教学提供了指导,有助于一线教师理解新课改,进一步提高教学水平,具有一定的理论意义和实践意义。本论文采用文献法、问卷调查法、统计法等,具体包括三个研究:(1)分析了新课程改革背景下高考物理实验试题的考查情况:横向统计了2014全国4份高试卷中物理实验试题的题号、分值和考点;纵向统计了云南省2010-2014年高考物理实验试题的题号、分值和考点。分析新课改高考物理实验试题特点、规律和趋势,归纳、总结实验试题对学生实验能力的要求。(2)在云南省楚雄市区里选取部分高二、高三、补习班的学生,对其实验能力进行了调查。调查发现学生实验操作很少,分析、反思、改进实验的能力很差,实验理论能力、实验操作能力、实验分析能力和实验素养都有待提高。(3)把学生实验能力分为实验理论能力、实验操作能力、实验分析能力和实验素养,按此分类分别分析目前高中物理教学中不利于学生物理实验能力发展的因素,针对这些不利因素指出了提升学生实验能力的建议和策略。
[Abstract]:College entrance examination is the bridge of middle and higher education and the vane of educational reform and development. The foundation of physics is the experiment, and the experiment question is one of the indispensable contents of the physics college entrance examination. After the new curriculum reform, the examination content and form of physics college entrance examination have changed greatly, paying more attention to the cultivation of students' ability. The college entrance examination has the function of choice and guidance to the physics education of middle school. Under this background, the contents, forms and requirements of the experimental questions of the college entrance examination are analyzed, and the present situation of the students' ability to experiment in physics is studied. Understanding the factors influencing students' experimental ability is of great significance to physics teaching. At the same time, it is worth studying and discussing how to promote the improvement of students' experimental accomplishment. This study, on the one hand, conforms to the requirements of the new curriculum reform and provides a reference for it; on the other hand, it also provides guidance for the physics experiment teaching in middle schools, which is helpful for the first-line teachers to understand the new curriculum reform and further improve the teaching level. It has certain theoretical and practical significance. This paper adopts the methods of literature, questionnaire, statistics, etc. Three specific studies are included: (1) analyzing the physical experiment test of the college entrance examination under the background of the new curriculum reform: the number, the score and the test site of the physics experiment test questions in the 2014 national high test papers are counted horizontally; Longitudinal statistics on the number, score and test site of the physics test of the college entrance examination from 2010 to 2014 in Yunnan Province were carried out. This paper analyzes on the characteristics, rules and trends of the physics experiment questions in the new curriculum reform, summarizes the requirements of the experimental questions for the students' experimental ability. (2) selecting part of the students from senior two, three and cram schools in Chuxiong, Yunnan Province. Its experimental ability was investigated. The investigation found that the students' ability of experiment operation is very little, the ability of analysis, reflection and improvement of experiment is very poor, the ability of experiment theory, experiment operation, experiment analysis and experiment accomplishment all need to be improved. (3) the students' ability of experiment is divided into experimental and theoretical ability. Experimental operation ability, experimental analysis ability and experimental accomplishment, according to this classification, the factors that are not conducive to the development of students' physics experimental ability in current physics teaching in senior high school are analyzed separately. In view of these disadvantages, the suggestions and strategies for improving students' experimental ability are pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

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