不同版本化学教材中“物质的量”的内容比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 02:35

本文选题：化学教材 + 物质的量　；参考：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：21世纪我国启动了新一轮的基础教育课程改革，课程改革带来了教材的变化，由原来的“一纲一本”转变为现在的“一标多本”。教材作为课程改革的物化产物，作为课程标准的内容载体，是教师进行教学和学生进行学习的重要媒介，是学校正式课程的具体体现，是影响教育教学水平的重要因素。同时，“物质的量”这一部分内容贯穿学生整个高中化学学习的始末，它涉及了许多抽象的概念，把人们从宏观的领域带到微观的世界。这部分内容是学习其它知识的工具性知识，同时也是学生学习的一个难点问题，如果处理不当学生就会产生更多的相异构想，不利于后续内容的学习。论文选择三个不同版本化学教材“物质的量”内容进行比较和分析，这对于教师更好地理解和使用教材，以及有效地开展“物质的量”教学具有重要的意义。本论文主要是针对化学教材中“物质的量”这部分内容进行研究，所涉及的教材是三套高中化学必修一（2012年修订版）新教材。主要应用了文献研究、比较研究和访谈研究的方法，并且建立了教材分析模型，在模型的基础上从教材内容选择，内容组织，内容呈现三个方面对三套高中化学教材中“物质的量”这部分内容进行比较分析。具体分析如下：内容选择首先是具体分析课程标准的要求，再分析三套高中化学教材中内容的选择，并且与课程标准做对比，对教材中“物质的量”这部分内容的选择和课标要求的一致性进行分析。内容组织首先是分析三套高中化学必修一教材内容的整体组织编排，分析教材编写者的编写思路、“物质的量”的地位和教材总的编排特点，，再对教材中和“物质的量”相关的小标题进行具体分析，分析其表达方式和编排位置。内容呈现首先是对三套高中化学教材中“物质的量”这部分内容的正文内容、栏目设计、图片设计和练习题设计进行比较分析。包括正文内容的陈述、具体概念陈述及其相关内容呈现的比较分析；栏目的构成、数量和栏目分类的比较分析；图片的数量、种类和相似图片的比较分析以及练习题的数量、类型及开放性程度的比较分析。笔者又结合教材中“物质的量”的内容，对四名长期使用鲁科版教材的高中化学教师进行访谈。访谈内容主要包括教师对“物质的量”的理解，对教材中这部分内容的引入、正文内容陈述、公式呈现等的看法以及对教材中这部分内容的具体编写建议。笔者通过对教材内容的分析和比较以及对教师关于“物质的量”这部分内容的访谈，得出相应结论。找出教材中关于“物质的量”这部分内容的异同，从教材内容选择、教材内容组织和教材内容呈现三个方面提出教材编写建议，从而为优化教材及教师的教学提供决策依据。
[Abstract]:In the 21st century, China initiated a new round of basic education curriculum reform, which brought about the change of teaching materials, from the original "one program, one book" to the present "one standard and more books". As the materialized product of the curriculum reform and the content carrier of the curriculum standard, the textbook is an important medium for teachers to teach and students to study, a concrete embodiment of the formal curriculum in schools, and an important factor affecting the level of education and teaching. At the same time, the content of "quantity of matter" runs through the beginning and end of the students' chemistry study in senior high school. It involves many abstract concepts and brings people from the macroscopic field to the microscopic world. This part is a tool knowledge of learning other knowledge, but also a difficult problem for students to learn. If the students are not handled properly, they will produce more different ideas, which is not conducive to the subsequent study of content. This paper selects three different versions of chemistry textbook "quantity of matter" to compare and analyze, which is of great significance for teachers to better understand and use the teaching material and to effectively carry out the teaching of "quantity of matter". This paper mainly focuses on the content of "quantity of matter" in the chemistry textbook, which involves three sets of new textbooks of chemistry compulsory course in senior high school (revised edition in 2012). This paper mainly applies the methods of literature research, comparative study and interview study, and establishes the analysis model of teaching material. On the basis of the model, it chooses the content of the teaching material and organizes the content. The content presents three aspects of the three sets of senior high school chemistry textbook "the quantity of matter" this part of the content of comparative analysis. The specific analysis is as follows: firstly, the content selection is to analyze the requirements of curriculum standards, and then to analyze the selection of contents in three sets of senior high school chemistry textbooks, and to make a comparison with the curriculum standards. This paper analyzes the selection of the content of "quantity of matter" in the textbook and the consistency of the requirements of the curriculum standard. First of all, the content organization is to analyze the overall organization and arrangement of the three sets of senior high school chemistry compulsory courses and one textbook content, to analyze the compilation ideas of the textbook writers, the status of "quantity of matter" and the characteristics of the overall arrangement of the textbooks. Then the subtitles related to the quantity of matter in the textbook are analyzed in detail, and the expression mode and arrangement position are analyzed. The first part of the content presentation is a comparative analysis of the body content, column design, picture design and exercise design of the three sets of senior high school chemistry textbooks "quantity of matter". Including the statement of the text, the comparative analysis of the concrete concept statement and its related contents, the comparative analysis of the composition of the column, the quantity of the column and the classification of the column, the comparative analysis of the number, type and similar picture of the picture, and the number of exercises, Comparative analysis of types and degree of openness. Combined with the content of "quantity of matter" in the textbook, the author interviewed four senior high school chemistry teachers who had been using Luke version of the textbook for a long time. The contents of the interview mainly include the teachers' understanding of "quantity of matter", the introduction of this part of the teaching material, the statement of the text content, the presentation of the formula, and the concrete suggestions for compiling this part of the teaching material. Through the analysis and comparison of the contents of the textbook and the interview with the teachers about the content of "quantity of matter", the author draws the corresponding conclusions. This paper finds out the similarities and differences of the content of "quantity of matter" in the textbook, and puts forward some suggestions for compiling the textbook from three aspects: the selection of the content of the textbook, the organization of the content of the textbook and the presentation of the content of the textbook, so as to provide the decision basis for the optimization of the textbook and the teaching of the teacher.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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