基于化学基本观念的问题解决研究初探

发布时间：2018-07-12 20:24

本文选题：化学基本观念 + 实际问题　；参考：《四川师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着对基础教育课程改革的深入推进,对教育本质认识的深化和教学实践的发展,教育工作者意识到实现“观念建构”为本的教学应是化学教学的一个基本价值取向和实践追求,是有效促进学生科学素养全面发展的重要途径。课程改革希望学生能从“知识为本”转向“观念建构”,通过化学课程的学习,掌握从化学的视角去认识和解释身边的实际问题。此外,问题解决是现代认知心理学的一个重要研究领域和方向,培养学生解决问题的意识和能力也是科学教育目标之重。学生运用观念解决实际问题既满足了当代教育改革对于学生科学素养的必然需求,也符合现代社会发展对于未来公民素质的基本要求。调查表明,很多教师难以在应试教育的压力与科学素养的培养之间找到一个平衡点。本文尝试在教育过程中渗透运用化学基本观念解决实际问题的方法和理念,寻找一些真实有效的教育教学方法。本研究从以下七个部分来进行阐述:第一部分:表明选题的原因。分析用观念解决问题的教学价值,提出问题并阐述研究内容与研究方法。第二部分:阐述研究的理论基础。分析化学基本观念和促进化学观念形成的相关理论。第三部分:实际问题的解决心理机制。包括农村高中学生概述、问题概述、影响农村高中学生解决问题的因素以及解决问题的一般范式。第四部分:提出教学策略。针对培养学生运用观念解决问题,提出合理切实可行的基本教学建议。第五部分:教学过程框架展示。分别以高中人教版金属晶体的原子堆积模型、萃取、简单分类法及其应用、氧化还原反应的应用等为例,阐述如何运用基本观念解决学术、自然、生活中的化学问题。第六部分:教学实施与评价。通过学生反馈、教师反馈调查研究观念解决问题的现状以及教学策略的可行性。第七部分:结论与展望。发现研究中存在的需要改进的地方,积极改进并反思。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the basic education curriculum reform, the deepening of the understanding of the nature of education and the development of teaching practice, Educators realize that the realization of "concept construction" based teaching should be a basic value orientation and practical pursuit of chemistry teaching, and is an important way to effectively promote the all-round development of students' scientific literacy. The curriculum reform hopes that students can change from "knowledge based" to "concept construction" and understand and explain the practical problems around them from the perspective of chemistry through the study of chemistry curriculum. In addition, problem solving is an important research field and direction of modern cognitive psychology, and it is also the important goal of science education to cultivate students' awareness and ability to solve problems. The application of ideas to solve practical problems not only meets the inevitable demand of contemporary educational reform for students' scientific literacy, but also meets the basic requirements of the development of modern society for the future quality of citizens. The investigation shows that many teachers find it difficult to find a balance between the pressure of exam-oriented education and the cultivation of scientific literacy. This paper attempts to infiltrate the methods and ideas of solving practical problems with the basic concept of chemistry in the process of education, and to find some real and effective teaching methods. This study from the following seven parts to elaborate: the first part: show the reasons for the topic. This paper analyzes the teaching value of solving problems with ideas, puts forward problems and expounds the contents and methods of research. The second part: expound the theoretical basis of the research. Basic concepts of analytical chemistry and related theories to promote the formation of chemical concepts. The third part: the psychological mechanism of solving practical problems. It includes an overview of rural senior high school students, an overview of problems, factors affecting rural senior high school students' problem-solving and the general paradigm of problem-solving. The fourth part: put forward the teaching strategy. In order to train students to use ideas to solve problems, reasonable and feasible basic teaching suggestions are put forward. The fifth part: the teaching process frame display. Taking the atomic stacking model, extraction, simple classification and application of metal crystals as examples, and the application of redox reaction, this paper expounds how to solve the chemical problems in academic, natural and daily life by using basic concepts. The sixth part: teaching implementation and evaluation. Through student feedback and teacher feedback, the present situation of problem solving and the feasibility of teaching strategies are investigated. Part seven: conclusion and prospect. Find out what needs to be improved in the research, and actively improve and reflect on it.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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