高中生物学实验教学有效性教学策略的探索

发布时间：2018-07-28 17:41

【摘要】：生物学是一门以实验为基础的自然科学,实验是生物学的基本特征,也是生物学课程的重要学习内容。纵观整个生物学科学发展的历史进程,可以发现科学家通过反复的实验,使得生物学理论知识中不断充实和发展。因此,生物学实验,在生物学研究和生物学教学中起着重要的作用。教育部从2003年颁布了普通高中生物学课程标准之后,新课程改革就一直在持续不断的进行着。基于新课程的基本理念,对新课程的目标要求和内容体系提出了新的规定。新课程改革特别强调了科学实验是一种手段,主要用来促进生物学科学知识的形成和发展。通过反复进行实验,不断的去验证所学习的生物学知识是否正确,继续去探究可能出现新的生物现象,不断地完善生物学系统。这就说明了在高中生物学教学当中,要培养学生的科学素养,使得学生得到终身发展,开展实验教学是一个必不可少的手段,这也展示了生物学实验的重要性。本论文通过查阅文献,了解当前国内外生物学实验教学的现状、特点,了解国内外生物学实验教学存在的差距。根据所在学校的生物学实验教学的现状,设计针对性的学生调查问卷,然后在校园中随机抽取班级进行问卷调查,统计调查的数据,采用Excel软件进行数据处理,得到处理数据的结果后进行详尽的分析,分析出什么样的因素会影响生物学实验教学的有效性,指出生物学实验教学中目前可能存在并且没有解决的问题。通过对问题的分析,寻找合理的解决方法,提出解决对策,以满足当前生物教学需要,达到新课程标准对生物学实验的要求。提高生物学实验教学的有效性的策略研究主要是从三个阶段来进行阐述。实验前的教学准备策略,主要强调了学生的预习准备与教师的预实验准备；实验教学实施阶段的策略,主要是说明如何进行实验教学。包括了应用信息技术辅助教学,在学生进行实验时教师充当引导者,学生进行小组合作完成实验；在实验教学完成之后,主要强调了评价对于促进生物学实验教学的重要性。通过一系列的策略探索,从而达到一定的有效性。
[Abstract]:Biology is a natural science based on experiment. Experiment is the basic characteristic of biology and also the important content of biology course. Throughout the history of the development of biological science, it can be found that scientists enrich and develop the knowledge of biological theory through repeated experiments. Therefore, biological experiments play an important role in biology research and biology teaching. Since the Ministry of Education promulgated the biology curriculum standard of senior high school in 2003, the new curriculum reform has been carried on continuously. Based on the basic concept of the new curriculum, the new requirements and content system of the new curriculum are proposed. The new curriculum reform emphasizes that scientific experiment is a means, which is mainly used to promote the formation and development of biological scientific knowledge. Through repeated experiments, constantly to verify the correct biological knowledge, continue to explore the possible emergence of new biological phenomena, constantly improve the biological system. This shows that in high school biology teaching, to cultivate students' scientific literacy, make students get lifelong development, the development of experimental teaching is an essential means, which also shows the importance of biological experiments. In this paper, the current situation and characteristics of biology experiment teaching at home and abroad and the gap between domestic and foreign biology experiment teaching are understood by consulting literature. According to the present situation of biology experiment teaching in our school, we design a targeted student questionnaire, then randomly select the class in campus to carry on the questionnaire, statistics the data of the investigation, and use Excel software to process the data. After getting the results of data processing, the author analyzes in detail what factors will affect the effectiveness of biological experiment teaching, and points out the problems that may exist and have not been solved in biology experiment teaching at present. Through the analysis of the problem, the author finds out the reasonable solution and puts forward some countermeasures to meet the need of biology teaching at present and to meet the requirements of the new curriculum standard for biology experiment. The strategies to improve the effectiveness of biological experiment teaching are mainly discussed in three stages. The strategy of teaching preparation before experiment mainly emphasizes the preparation of students and teachers, and the strategy of implementing experiment teaching is mainly to explain how to carry out experiment teaching. It includes the application of information technology to assist teaching, when the students are conducting experiments, the teacher acts as a guide, the students cooperate to complete the experiment; after the completion of experimental teaching, the importance of evaluation in promoting biological experimental teaching is emphasized. Through a series of strategies to explore, so as to achieve a certain effectiveness.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.91

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