建国初期苏联中学历史教学对我国的影响（1949-1953）

发布时间：2018-08-22 14:54

【摘要】：自1949年中华人民共和国的成立至1953年“一五计划”的开始实施,这是中苏两国的友好合作阶段,属于中苏“热潮初起”至“蜜月欢度”的特殊过渡期。时间虽然不长,但它在六十余年的新中国历史上是一个非常重要的时期。教育的前行与变革往往受到时代的驱动,同时又势必会反映在微观的各个学科。建国初期(1949-1953),我国“以俄为师”,在很多方面都向苏联学习。就中学历史教学来讲,此时苏联中学历史教学对我国的影响也很大。其具体表现是:第一,在苏联的影响下,我国中学历史教学的思想政治性更为突出;第二,我国的中学历史教学大纲在苏联历史教学大纲的指导下进行改进;第三,我国的中学历史教科书全盘照搬或部分借用苏联历史教科书内容,甚至在苏联教育理念的指导下对其整体改造;第四,在历史教学方面,我国的中学历史教师在苏联的影响下,主动改进了教学思想与教学实践。建国初期(1949-1953)学习苏联中学历史教学,既有积极的作用,也有消极的影响。它帮助我们肃清了半殖半封这一旧社会的教育思想,统一了全新的社会主义性质的教育教学,在历史教育中更加强调爱国主义和集体主义教育,同时不断完善历史教学体系,并改造了中学历史教师的教学观念和教学方法,迅速提高了当时的教育教学质量。但此时全方位地学习苏联导致我国完全排斥别国经验,对中国传统教育的继承性不够,加之学习过程中形式主义、教条主义严重,忽略了与我国实际相结合,也忽视了历史学科的特殊性,产生了一定的弊端。总的来看,建国初期学习苏联中学历史教学为当下提供了一个审视和反观自我的参照系,启示我们在进行课程和教学改革时必须立足本国中学历史教学实际,以史为鉴,借鉴西方,与时俱进,创中国特色。在新世纪的今天,我们应以这段学苏的经历为鉴,相信只要我们坚定信心,勇于实践,不断探索,一定能够在历史教育研究的领域里取得更大的成就,进而发挥历史教学的独特功能,让历史教学在新形势下继续焕发其独特魅力,为我国的教育事业注入新鲜的血液,使其永葆青春。
[Abstract]:From the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949 to the implementation of the "first five year Plan" in 1953, this is the stage of friendly cooperation between China and the Soviet Union, which belongs to the special transition period from the beginning of the "upsurge" to the "honeymoon" between China and the Soviet Union. Although the time is not long, it is a very important period in the history of new China for more than 60 years. The advance and change of education are often driven by the times and will inevitably be reflected in microcosmic disciplines. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China (1949-1953), China learned from the Soviet Union in many ways. As far as history teaching in middle schools is concerned, history teaching in Soviet Union has a great influence on our country. Its concrete manifestation is: first, under the influence of the Soviet Union, the ideological and political aspects of history teaching in middle schools in our country are more prominent; second, the history teaching syllabus of our country is improved under the guidance of the history teaching outline of the Soviet Union; third, Our middle school history textbooks have been completely copied or partially borrowed from the Soviet history textbooks, and even reformed them as a whole under the guidance of the Soviet Union's educational concepts. Fourth, in terms of history teaching, our middle school history teachers are under the influence of the Soviet Union. The initiative has improved the teaching thought and teaching practice. In the early years of the founding of the people's Republic of China (1949-1953), the study of history teaching in the Soviet Union had both positive and negative effects. It has helped us to eliminate the educational ideology of the old society, to unify the new socialist nature of education and teaching, to put more emphasis on patriotism and collectivism in history education, and to constantly improve the system of teaching history. The teaching concept and method of history teachers in middle school were reformed and the quality of education and teaching was improved rapidly. However, studying the Soviet Union in all directions at this time led to our complete rejection of the experience of other countries, the lack of inheritance to Chinese traditional education, and the seriousness of formalism and dogmatism in the course of study, thus neglecting the integration with the reality of our country. Also ignored the history discipline particularity, produced certain malpractice. In general, the study of history teaching in middle schools in the Soviet Union in the early years of the founding of the people's Republic of China provided a frame of reference for the present to examine and reflect on itself. It was revealed that we should base ourselves on the reality of history teaching in our country and take history as a mirror when carrying out the curriculum and teaching reform. Learn from the West, keep pace with the times, create Chinese characteristics. Today in the new century, we should learn from this experience of Xuesu. We believe that as long as we are firm in confidence, brave in practice, and constantly exploring, we will certainly be able to achieve even greater success in the field of historical education and research. Then the unique function of history teaching can be brought into play, and history teaching will continue to radiate its unique charm under the new situation, which will inject fresh blood into the educational cause of our country so that it will remain young forever.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.51

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