当前我国初中生的校外辅导现状及对学业成绩影响的研究

发布时间：2018-08-30 19:59

【摘要】：在许多发展中国家,校外辅导是一种较为普遍的现象,尤其是在东亚和东南亚的国家。在我国,当前校外辅导也非常盛行。然而,不同的学生有不同的需求。初中阶段是学生从小学向高中过渡的时期,也是学生知识积累的重要时期。初中学生在各个科目上,校外辅导的参与率如何?他们选择的辅导时间长度、辅导形式、参与辅导的原因以及所花的辅导费用又如何?影响初中学生参加校外辅导的因素有哪些?各科目的校外辅导能否达成提高学生学业成绩的目的?为了回答以上的问题,本研究使用“中国学校课程教学调查数据库”的12243个有效数据,试图探究初中生参加各个科目校外辅导的状况、影响因素及其效果。通过对这些数据的统计分析,本研究发现：初中生校外辅导参与率较高的学术性科目为数学和外语；在非学术性科目上,“乐器”是参与率最高的兴趣课程,成为当下我国家长和学生的重要“宠儿”；在不同科目上,学生倾向于选择的辅导时段和辅导时间长度各不相同：在语、数、外、物4个科目上,初中学生更倾向于选择在周末参加2小时或2-3小时的补习；而在史、地、生、政4个科目上,初中学生更倾向于在课后完成1小时及以下时长的补习；在兴趣课程上,初中生多选择在课后参与1小时及以下时长的学习。“1多对”是当前校外辅导的主流形式；初中学生在校外辅导上的费用支出呈现出显著的年级和城乡差异；家长在校外辅导的选择上避免了盲从,能从孩子的需求出发,以为孩子补缺补差为主要目的,同时趋向于民主。家庭中孩子的数量、父母的受教育程度、家庭年收入和父母对孩子的教育期望都是影响初中生参加校外辅导的重要因素,不同因素的组合预测了不同类型校外辅导参与的可能性。校外辅导只对初中生的数学、物理、英语学科的阶段性学业成绩变化发挥了显著性的作用；但校外辅导的作用在城镇地区呈现正效应,在农村地区却表现出负效应。存在就有其合理性。虽然校外辅导只对学生主干科目的学业成绩发挥作用,但又不失为辅助主流学校教育的一种手段,教育行政管理机构需考虑对校外辅导的正确引领之策,以实现辅助学生发展之作用。
[Abstract]:Outside-school counselling is a common phenomenon in many developing countries, especially in East and Southeast Asia. In our country, the current outside-school counseling is also very popular. However, different students have different needs. Junior middle school is the transition period of students from primary school to high school, and it is also an important period of students' knowledge accumulation. What is the participation rate of junior middle school students in various subjects and outside tutoring? What is the length of time they choose, the form of counselling, the reasons for their participation and the cost of counselling? What are the factors that affect the junior middle school students to participate in outside counseling? Can the outside tutoring of various subjects achieve the purpose of improving students' academic performance? In order to answer the above questions, the present study uses 12243 valid data from the Chinese School Curriculum Teaching Survey Database to explore the status, influencing factors and effects of junior high school students' participation in extracurricular tutoring in various subjects. Based on the statistical analysis of these data, this study found that the academic subjects with higher participation rate in out-of-school tutoring were mathematics and foreign languages, and that musical instruments were the most interesting courses in non-academic subjects. In different subjects, students tend to choose different tutoring periods and the length of tutoring time are different: in four subjects, language, number, external, object, etc. Junior middle school students were more likely to take part in two or 2-3 hours of tutoring on weekends, while in history, land, students and politics, junior high school students were more likely to complete one hour or less after class. Junior high school students often choose to take part in learning for 1 hour or less after class. "1 pair" is the main form of outside tutoring at present, and the expenditure on outside counseling of junior middle school students shows significant difference between grade and city. Parents avoid blind adherence to the choice of out-of-school counseling, can start from the needs of their children, think that the main purpose of the children is to fill the gap, and tend to democracy at the same time. The number of children in the family, the education level of the parents, the annual income of the family and the educational expectation of the parents are all the important factors that influence the junior high school students to participate in the outside school counseling. The combination of different factors predicted the possibility of different types of outside tutoring. Off-campus tutoring only plays a significant role in the change of academic achievement of junior high school students in mathematics, physics and English, but the function of out-of-school tutoring shows positive effect in urban areas and negative effect in rural areas. Existence has its rationality. Although the outside tutoring only plays a role in the academic achievement of the students' main subjects, it is still a means to assist the mainstream school education. The educational administration should consider the correct guidance to the outside tutoring. In order to achieve the role of assisting the development of students.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G632.4

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