美国缓解教师短缺创新性策略研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 09:40

【摘要】：从教师总量看,美国中小学教师需求与供给矛盾突出,中小学教师严重短缺。这一短缺反映到区域、人群和学科维度,表现出不同的特征。城区学校和农村学校教师吸引与留住困难,少数民族学生、贫困学生、低学业成就学生集中的学校教师严重不足,特殊教育、双语教育、数学和科学教师空缺严重。为了缓解中小学教师短缺,美国各州和学区尝试了替代认证、财政激励、入职培训和指导等一系列策略,取得了一定的成效。在此基础上,对美国中小学教师短缺问题和美国缓解中小学教师短缺的策略进行反思,从而为我国在教师吸引、留住和发展方面提供有益借鉴与经验教训。
[Abstract]:In terms of the total number of teachers, the contradiction between the demand and supply of primary and secondary school teachers is prominent, and the shortage of primary and secondary school teachers is serious. This shortage reflects regional, crowd and disciplinary dimensions, showing different characteristics. It is difficult to attract and retain teachers in urban and rural schools. There is a serious shortage of teachers in schools with minority students, poor students and students with low academic achievement, and there are serious vacancies in special education, bilingual education, mathematics and science teachers. In order to alleviate the shortage of teachers in primary and secondary schools, American states and school districts have tried a series of strategies, such as alternative certification, financial incentives, induction training and guidance, and achieved certain results. On this basis, the problems of teacher shortage in primary and secondary schools in America and the strategies to alleviate the shortage of teachers in primary and secondary schools in the United States are reviewed, so as to provide a useful reference and experience for our country in attracting, retaining and developing teachers.
【作者单位】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地东北师范大学中国农村教育发展研究院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金教育学重点课题“全面提升农村教育质量背景下的农村教师结构调整及编制需求研究”(课题批准号:AFA150007)的研究成果
【分类号】：G635.1

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