高考英语作文价值取向研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 10:05

【摘要】：高考是高中阶段最重要的考试,学界对作为高考重要科目的英语已有不少研究。对作为高考英语重要组成部分的作文,研究者们也从作文写作的问题、备考策略、命题趋势等方面展开了较多探讨。而对作文命题的价值取向,尤其是高考英语作文命题的价值取向,则鲜有涉猎。基于上述背景,本文拟以高考英语作文的价值取向为研究对象,并回答以下问题：(1)整体而言,高考英语作文的价值取向有何特点?(2)历时地看,高考英语作文的价值取向呈现什么变化趋势?(3)从地区看,各地高考英语作文价值取向有何特征与差别?本文借鉴涂尔干(1989)、克拉克洪(1953)、朱志勇(2000,2001)、刘海宁(2012)等的理论或观点,研读高中英语新课程标准,构建了一个包括“个体我”、“社会我”以及人与自然的关系的三维分析模型。在此框架下,首先对2005-2014年全国各省市的高考英语作文试题(共198道)进行频数和频率统计分析,进而进行文本分析。研究发现：(1)整体而言,高考英语作文命题价值取向三个维度中,“个体我”占比最大(62.4%),其次是“社会我”(32.5%),再次是人与自然的关系(5.1%),同时,各维度的子系统比重分布也各有特点。(2)历时地看,十年来英语高考作文命题价值取向的三个维度经历了不同的变化。“个体我”比重总体呈上升趋势,最高峰出现在2012年(71.1%),最低点出现在2011年(55.3%)。“社会我”整体呈上升趋势,高峰是2014年(40%),低谷是2008年(22.2%)。“人与自然的关系”整体呈下降趋势,最高峰出现在2008年(13.9%),低谷出现在2014年(0%)。(3)不同地区三个维度所占比例不同。共同点是“个体我”比重最大,其次为“社会我”,最小的是“人与自然的关系”。七地区中,“个体我”西南地区占比最大(67.5%),华中(55.0%)最小。“社会我”华中占比最大(41.7%),西南(22.5%)最小。“人与自然的关系”中,西南占比最大(10.0%),西北(0%)最小。(4)高考英语作文命题价值取向特征的原因主要有：教育的本质特征、高中英语新课程标准对学生素质及能力的要求、高中学生特殊的身心状态、时政热点及各地的地理人文特征。(5)价值取向在高考英语作文命题中的实现形式各异：通过设置真实情境或思辨性的问题以及对学生身心状态的关注考察对“个体我”的认知；通过民族文化的弘扬、责任意识的唤醒、家庭情景的再现以及个人权益的维护等表现“社会我”意识；通过环境保护、关爱动物以及资源节约等体现人与自然的关系。基于上述发现,本文最后对今后的高考作文命题及高中英语写作教学提出了建议。
[Abstract]:College entrance examination is the most important examination in senior high school. As an important part of College entrance examination English, researchers have also discussed the problems of composition writing, the preparation strategy, the tendency of proposition and so on. However, the value orientation of the composition proposition, especially the value orientation of the composition proposition in the college entrance examination, is seldom dabbled in. Based on the above background, this paper intends to study the value orientation of the college entrance examination English composition and answer the following questions: (1) what are the characteristics of the value orientation of the college entrance examination English composition in general? (2) Diachronic view; What is the trend of the value orientation of the college entrance examination English composition? (3) from a regional perspective, what are the characteristics and differences of the value orientation of the national college entrance examination English composition? Based on the theories or viewpoints of Durkheim (1989), Krakehong (1953), Zhu Zhiyong (20002001) and Liu Haining (2012), this paper studies the new English curriculum standards of senior high school, and constructs a three-dimensional analytical model including "individual self", "social self" and the relationship between man and nature. In this framework, the frequency and frequency of the English composition test (198 items) of the national college entrance examination from 2005 to 2014 are analyzed, and then the text is analyzed. The findings are as follows: (1) on the whole, in the three dimensions of the value orientation of college English composition, the proportion of "individual self" is the largest (62.4%), followed by "social self" (32.5%), the relationship between man and nature (5.1%), and at the same time, the relationship between human beings and nature (5.1%). The specific weight distribution of each dimension also has its own characteristics. (2) Diachronically, the three dimensions of the value orientation of English college entrance examination composition have undergone different changes in the past ten years. The proportion of "individual I" in general showed an upward trend, with its highest peak in 2012 (71.1%) and its lowest point in 2011 (55.3%). The overall social self is on the rise, with a peak in 2014 (40%) and a low in 2008 (22. 2%). The "relationship between man and nature" as a whole showed a downward trend, with the highest peak occurring in 2008 (13.9%) and the trough in 2014 (0%). (3) accounting for different parts of the three dimensions. The common denominator is the largest proportion of individual self, followed by social self, and the smallest one is the relationship between man and nature. Among the seven regions, the proportion of "individual I" in Southwest China is the largest (67.5%), and in Central China is the smallest (55.0%). The proportion of "social self" in central China is the largest (41.7%), and in southwest China is the smallest (22.5%). In the relation between man and nature, the proportion of southwest is the largest (10.0%), the northwest (0%) is the least. (4) the main reasons of the value orientation of the English composition proposition in the college entrance examination are: the essential characteristics of education, the requirements of the new English curriculum standard of senior high school to the students' quality and ability. High school students' special state of mind and body, (5) the realization of value orientation in the English composition proposition of the college entrance examination varies in different forms: the cognition of "individual self" through setting up the real situation or speculative problem and paying attention to the students' physical and mental state; Through the promotion of national culture, the awakening of responsibility consciousness, the reproduction of family scene and the protection of personal rights and interests, the consciousness of "social self" is represented, and the relationship between man and nature is reflected through environmental protection, care for animals and conservation of resources. Based on the above findings, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the composition proposition of college entrance examination and the teaching of English writing in senior high school.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.41

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