高中地理计算题样例学习的应用研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 15:05

【摘要】：地理是高中的一门必修课程。随着新课程改革的不断推进,高中地理教学更需要培养学生的计算能力和相应的地理知识的应用能力。高考中有关计算类试题具有难度大、涉及面广、内容丰富的特点,并且以文字、图像、表格等多种形式呈现。根据试题中提供的地理数据,提炼出正确的信息,并且通过计算得出事物的特性,这对学生的能力要求很高。所以,地理计算题成为了高中地理教学中的重点难点之一。样例学习虽然在日常教学中较为常用,但是一些教师忽视了样例的选择,大大影响了样例在教学中所起的作用。研究样例学习,尤其是研究如何进行样例设计,使之更为有效,是当前研究的热门问题。样例的设计形式、作用机制、教师的认知水平、学习者的认知水平等,都会影响样例的有效性。有效的样例形式可以使学生用更短的时间,获得解决问题的能力,进而提高成绩。可见,研究样例学习的设计对课堂教学有着重要的实践意义。本文通过文献的综合研究与实证研究相结合的基本方法。首先对样例学习的理论进行了一定的学习及思考,然后在地理学科特点的基础上,对地理计算题的样例学习进行研究,阐述了地理计算题的特点,并构建了地理计算题的教学案例。同时对高中一年级不同学习水平学生进行了较为系统、全面的相关实验研究。通过实验得出以下结论:对于教师来说,应该尽可能选择全面具体的样例内容,最好涉及到规律的各个方面,尽可能丰富样例的形式,激发学生学习的主动性和积极性。对于学生来说,样例提供了详细的解题步骤,对核心知识规律进行了详细生动的解释说明,样例的有效性体现明显。教师在讲解包含多种运算规律的时差计算为学习内容时,整体样例学习模式的迁移效果不如基模一整体样例学习模式的迁移效果好。基模-整体样例更有利于学生掌握复合运算规则。
[Abstract]:Geography is a compulsory course in high school. With the development of the new curriculum reform, the high school geography teaching needs to cultivate the students' computing ability and the application ability of the corresponding geography knowledge. In the college entrance examination, the computational questions are difficult, extensive and rich in content, and they are presented in many forms, such as text, images, tables and so on. According to the geographical data provided in the test questions, the correct information is extracted, and the characteristics of things are calculated, which requires the students' ability. Therefore, geography calculation problem has become one of the key difficulties in geography teaching in senior high school. Although sample learning is commonly used in daily teaching, some teachers ignore the choice of sample, which greatly affects the role of sample in teaching. The study of sample learning, especially how to design samples to make them more effective, is a hot issue. The design form of the sample, the mechanism of action, the cognitive level of the teacher and the cognitive level of the learner will affect the effectiveness of the sample. Effective sample form allows students to acquire problem-solving skills in shorter time and improve performance. Therefore, the study of the design of sample learning has important practical significance for classroom teaching. This paper combines the comprehensive research of literature with the empirical research. First, the theory of sample learning is studied and pondered. Then, on the basis of the characteristics of geography, the paper studies the sample learning of geographical calculation problem, and expounds the characteristics of geographical calculation problem. And the teaching case of geography calculation problem is constructed. At the same time, the first grade of high school students at different levels of learning a more systematic, comprehensive experimental study. The following conclusions are drawn from the experiment: for teachers, it is necessary to choose comprehensive and concrete sample contents as far as possible, better involve in all aspects of the law, enrich the sample form as much as possible, and stimulate students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning. For the students, the sample provides a detailed solution to the problem, and explains the rule of core knowledge vividly. The effectiveness of the sample is obvious. The transfer effect of the whole sample learning model is not as good as that of the base mode-the whole sample learning model when the teacher explains that the time difference calculation which contains a variety of operational rules is a learning content. The basic module-whole sample is more helpful for students to master the complex operation rules.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.55

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