农村高中化学实验教学现状调查及策略研究
发布时间：2018-10-29 16:00
【摘要】：化学作为一门研究物质及其变化规律的自然科学,从它产生、形成起,就是以化学实验为基础而发展的。直到现在有关化学体系的性质,结构以及变化规律,仍然主要靠化学实验研究取得。化学实验是化学教学的重要组成部分,在教材中占重要的地位。高中化学新课程标准在教学建议部分指出：“突出化学学科特征,更好地发挥实验的教育功能。以实验为基础是化学学科的重要特征之一。化学实验对全面提高学生的科学素养有着极为重要的作用。化学实验有助于激发学生学习化学的兴趣,创设生动活泼的教学情景,帮助学生理解和掌握化学知识和技能,启迪学生的科学思维,训练学生的科学方法,培养学生的科学态度和价值观。”化学实验教学是化学教学的重要组成部分,随着新课程的改革,化学实验在化学教学中的作用越来越突出,然而,由于长期受应试教育等多种因素的影响,社会、学校、教师以及学生对化学实验认识不足,过分的看中考试结果而忽视实验操作,“重理论、轻实验”、“重结果、轻过程”等现象在高中化学实验教学中还较为普遍的存在,使实验课流于形式,无法将实验和理论紧密结合起来。本文首先介绍了新课程化学实验的特点及功能,然后以湖北省麻城市农村高中为例,通过文献查阅、调查问卷、访谈等方法对其化学实验教学现状进行调查研究。通过调查结果分析农村高中化学实验教学上存在的问题。本文从社会、学校、教师和学生这四个方面进行了分析。社会方面主要是考核制度不够科学,目前实验考核仍然停留在笔试考核这一唯一的形式上；学校方面主要是对化学实验认识不足导致对实验室的管理不到位、对化学实验课时安排不足、对教师和学生的考核评价制度不科学；教师方面主要是教学理念与教学行为不符,使探究性实验教学流于形式,对化学实验教学认识不到位,教学过程中缺乏积极性、主动性,安于现状,缺乏不断学习和创新的精神,对学生的实验考核评价过于单一,不够科学等问题；学生方面主要是实验态度以及实验能力的问题,许多学生没有正确认识到化学实验的作用,对化学实验的态度不够认真,实验中表现出实验动手能力差,实验设计能力以及实验探究能力缺乏,过于看重实验结果而轻视实验过程等问题。基于这些问题,本文从社会、学校、教师和学生几个方面提出了针对性的改进策略,希望这些策略能够为农村化学实验教学提供参考,进一步促进化学实验教学改革,不断提高实验教学的质量。
[Abstract]:Chemistry, as a natural science, has been developed on the basis of chemical experiment since it came into being. Up to now, the properties, structures and changing laws of chemical systems are mainly obtained by chemical experiments. Chemical experiment is an important part of chemistry teaching and plays an important role in teaching materials. The new curriculum standard of chemistry in senior high school points out in the teaching suggestion part: "highlight the characteristic of chemistry subject, give play to the educational function of experiment better." Experimental basis is one of the important characteristics of chemistry. Chemical experiments play an important role in improving students' scientific literacy. Chemistry experiments are helpful to stimulate students' interest in chemistry, create lively teaching situations, help students understand and master chemistry knowledge and skills, enlighten students' scientific thinking, and train students' scientific methods. Cultivate students' scientific attitudes and values. " Chemistry experiment teaching is an important part of chemistry teaching. With the reform of new curriculum, the role of chemical experiment in chemistry teaching is more and more prominent. However, because of the influence of many factors such as examination-oriented education, society and school, Teachers and students don't know enough about chemistry experiment, they overvalue the test result and ignore the experiment operation. The phenomena such as "emphasizing theory, light experiment", "emphasizing result and neglecting process" still exist generally in chemistry experiment teaching in senior high school, such as "emphasizing theory, neglecting experiment", "emphasizing result, neglecting process" and so on. So that the experimental course is a mere formality, and it is impossible to combine the experiment and theory closely. This paper first introduces the characteristics and functions of the new curriculum chemistry experiment, then takes the rural high school in Macheng, Hubei Province as an example, through literature review, questionnaire, interview and other methods to investigate the current situation of chemical experiment teaching. This paper analyzes the problems in chemistry experiment teaching in rural senior high school by the result of investigation. This article has carried on the analysis from the society, the school, the teacher and the student these four aspects. The main social aspect is that the examination system is not scientific enough. At present, the experimental examination is still in the only form of written examination. On the school side, the lack of understanding of the chemistry experiment leads to the lack of management of the laboratory, the insufficient arrangement of the chemistry experiment hours, and the unscientific assessment system for the teachers and students. On the part of teachers, the teaching idea is not consistent with the teaching behavior, which makes the inquiry experiment teaching become a mere formality, the understanding of chemistry experiment teaching is not in place, the teaching process is lack of enthusiasm, initiative, and content with the present situation. Lack of the spirit of continuous learning and innovation, the assessment of the students' experimental evaluation is too single, not scientific and other issues; On the part of students, it is mainly about the attitude and ability of experiment. Many students don't recognize the role of chemical experiment correctly, they don't take it seriously enough, and they show poor ability to do experiments in the experiment. The ability of experiment design and the ability of experiment inquiry are not enough, and too much attention is paid to the experimental results and the process of experiment is ignored. Based on these problems, this paper puts forward some improving strategies from the aspects of society, schools, teachers and students, hoping that these strategies can provide references for rural chemistry experiment teaching and further promote the reform of chemistry experiment teaching. Improve the quality of experimental teaching.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8
本文编号：2298150
[Abstract]:Chemistry, as a natural science, has been developed on the basis of chemical experiment since it came into being. Up to now, the properties, structures and changing laws of chemical systems are mainly obtained by chemical experiments. Chemical experiment is an important part of chemistry teaching and plays an important role in teaching materials. The new curriculum standard of chemistry in senior high school points out in the teaching suggestion part: "highlight the characteristic of chemistry subject, give play to the educational function of experiment better." Experimental basis is one of the important characteristics of chemistry. Chemical experiments play an important role in improving students' scientific literacy. Chemistry experiments are helpful to stimulate students' interest in chemistry, create lively teaching situations, help students understand and master chemistry knowledge and skills, enlighten students' scientific thinking, and train students' scientific methods. Cultivate students' scientific attitudes and values. " Chemistry experiment teaching is an important part of chemistry teaching. With the reform of new curriculum, the role of chemical experiment in chemistry teaching is more and more prominent. However, because of the influence of many factors such as examination-oriented education, society and school, Teachers and students don't know enough about chemistry experiment, they overvalue the test result and ignore the experiment operation. The phenomena such as "emphasizing theory, light experiment", "emphasizing result and neglecting process" still exist generally in chemistry experiment teaching in senior high school, such as "emphasizing theory, neglecting experiment", "emphasizing result, neglecting process" and so on. So that the experimental course is a mere formality, and it is impossible to combine the experiment and theory closely. This paper first introduces the characteristics and functions of the new curriculum chemistry experiment, then takes the rural high school in Macheng, Hubei Province as an example, through literature review, questionnaire, interview and other methods to investigate the current situation of chemical experiment teaching. This paper analyzes the problems in chemistry experiment teaching in rural senior high school by the result of investigation. This article has carried on the analysis from the society, the school, the teacher and the student these four aspects. The main social aspect is that the examination system is not scientific enough. At present, the experimental examination is still in the only form of written examination. On the school side, the lack of understanding of the chemistry experiment leads to the lack of management of the laboratory, the insufficient arrangement of the chemistry experiment hours, and the unscientific assessment system for the teachers and students. On the part of teachers, the teaching idea is not consistent with the teaching behavior, which makes the inquiry experiment teaching become a mere formality, the understanding of chemistry experiment teaching is not in place, the teaching process is lack of enthusiasm, initiative, and content with the present situation. Lack of the spirit of continuous learning and innovation, the assessment of the students' experimental evaluation is too single, not scientific and other issues; On the part of students, it is mainly about the attitude and ability of experiment. Many students don't recognize the role of chemical experiment correctly, they don't take it seriously enough, and they show poor ability to do experiments in the experiment. The ability of experiment design and the ability of experiment inquiry are not enough, and too much attention is paid to the experimental results and the process of experiment is ignored. Based on these problems, this paper puts forward some improving strategies from the aspects of society, schools, teachers and students, hoping that these strategies can provide references for rural chemistry experiment teaching and further promote the reform of chemistry experiment teaching. Improve the quality of experimental teaching.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8
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