美国中小学服务学习的研究
发布时间：2018-11-13 09:23
【摘要】：服务学习源于上个世纪60年代的美国,自90年代开始逐渐地发展成了全国性的教育运动,并受到世界各地的广泛支持。服务学习是一种教育理念,它把学术学习与社区服务相结合,使学生在社区服务中培养自己的公民责任。服务学习是一种教学方法,他强调学生的主体性,也强调教师和学生的互动。服务学习还是一种实践模式,它能够推动社区进步和学校发展。为了丰富我国的教育理论,本文对美国中小学服务学习进行研究。本文在全面地叙述服务学习基本概念的基础上,对美国中小学服务学习的理论基础和历史沿革进行梳理。服务学习的理论基础主要包括教育学基础、心理学基础以及社会学基础。本文总结出了美国中小学服务学习的类型的划分方式,即按服务学习的性质划分;按服务学习的水平划分;按服务学习的模式划分。本文还归纳出了服务学习的特征,主要表现为:以学习为基础;培养公民意识;学校与社区合作互惠;强调多元化;注重反思的作用。美国中小学服务学习的具体实施过程,即从准备到行动、反思、评价,缺一不可。本文还以马萨诸塞州的中小学服务学习为案例进行研究,探索出该州中小学服务学习顺利实施的保障体系;实施的过程及实施后取得的效果和学生们的反馈。美国中小学服务学习给我国带来的启示主要包括:建立家庭、学校、社区三方合作的教育模式;建立新型师生关系,重视培养学生个性和创新能力;充分利用社区资源,开发校本课程;建立科学的教育评价机制。
[Abstract]:Service learning originated from the United States in the 1960s. It has gradually developed into a national education movement since the 1990s and has been widely supported around the world. Service learning is an educational concept, which combines academic learning with community service and enables students to cultivate their civic responsibility in community service. Service learning is a teaching method which emphasizes the subjectivity of students as well as the interaction between teachers and students. Service learning is also a practical model that can promote community progress and school development. In order to enrich our educational theory, this paper studies service learning in American primary and secondary schools. Based on a comprehensive description of the basic concepts of service learning, this paper combs the theoretical basis and historical evolution of service learning in American primary and secondary schools. The theoretical basis of service learning mainly includes pedagogy, psychology and sociology. This paper summarizes the classification of the types of service learning in American primary and secondary schools, that is, according to the nature of service learning, according to the level of service learning, according to the mode of service learning. This paper also summarizes the characteristics of service learning, mainly as follows: learning as the basis; fostering civic awareness; cooperation and reciprocity between schools and communities; emphasis on diversity; focus on the role of reflection. The implementation process of service learning in American primary and secondary schools is from preparation to action, reflection and evaluation. This paper also takes the primary and secondary school service learning in Massachusetts as a case study to explore the guarantee system for the successful implementation of service learning in primary and secondary schools in the state, the process of implementation, the results obtained after the implementation and the feedback from students. The enlightenment of service learning in American primary and secondary schools mainly includes: establishing the educational model of family, school and community cooperation, establishing a new teacher-student relationship, paying attention to the cultivation of students' personality and innovative ability; Make full use of community resources, develop school-based curriculum, and establish a scientific educational evaluation mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G639.712
本文编号：2328680
[Abstract]:Service learning originated from the United States in the 1960s. It has gradually developed into a national education movement since the 1990s and has been widely supported around the world. Service learning is an educational concept, which combines academic learning with community service and enables students to cultivate their civic responsibility in community service. Service learning is a teaching method which emphasizes the subjectivity of students as well as the interaction between teachers and students. Service learning is also a practical model that can promote community progress and school development. In order to enrich our educational theory, this paper studies service learning in American primary and secondary schools. Based on a comprehensive description of the basic concepts of service learning, this paper combs the theoretical basis and historical evolution of service learning in American primary and secondary schools. The theoretical basis of service learning mainly includes pedagogy, psychology and sociology. This paper summarizes the classification of the types of service learning in American primary and secondary schools, that is, according to the nature of service learning, according to the level of service learning, according to the mode of service learning. This paper also summarizes the characteristics of service learning, mainly as follows: learning as the basis; fostering civic awareness; cooperation and reciprocity between schools and communities; emphasis on diversity; focus on the role of reflection. The implementation process of service learning in American primary and secondary schools is from preparation to action, reflection and evaluation. This paper also takes the primary and secondary school service learning in Massachusetts as a case study to explore the guarantee system for the successful implementation of service learning in primary and secondary schools in the state, the process of implementation, the results obtained after the implementation and the feedback from students. The enlightenment of service learning in American primary and secondary schools mainly includes: establishing the educational model of family, school and community cooperation, establishing a new teacher-student relationship, paying attention to the cultivation of students' personality and innovative ability; Make full use of community resources, develop school-based curriculum, and establish a scientific educational evaluation mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G639.712
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