高中部分化学实验的优化和改进及在教学中的应用研究
发布时间：2018-11-14 14:04
【摘要】：化学实验是学生最喜欢的教学活动,化学实验能激发学生学习化学的兴趣和激情,更是培养和发展学生思维能力和创新能力及实践能力的重要方法和手段。但在实际教学中,实验教学一直存在轻过程、重结论的问题,使化学实验教学没有发挥其应有的功能和作用。研究高中化学实验,发现部分化学实验存在设计不足或实验效果不好等情况,导致实验教学效果不理想不能更好地为教学服务。为了提高教材中部分实验的观察性、操作性和实效性,结合教育教学经验,重在帮助和提高学生的科学素养,对高中教材的部分化学实验进行优化和改进,目的是让化学实验更好地发挥教育教学功能,提高化学教育教学的效率与质量。本课题研究是对教材中的部分实验:钠与水反应、钠在空气中燃烧、铝在氧气中燃烧、铁与水蒸气的反应、氯气的漂白、铜与浓硝酸反应、铜与稀硝酸反应、二氧化硫漂白、焰色反应、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠与盐酸反应、氨气的喷泉实验、氢气与氯气的爆炸实验等进行优化和改进,再应用优化改进的实验与原实验对比教学。通过研究得出优化和改进的实验提高了实验的智力价值,能更好地激发学生的创新思维,能使学生提出问题、分析问题和解决问题,培养学生科学探究的能力,有助于学生学习化学知识、技能和方法,促进学生认知的发展、对科学本质的理解和科学精神的内化。
[Abstract]:Chemistry experiment is a favorite teaching activity of students. Chemical experiment can stimulate students' interest and passion in learning chemistry, and it is also an important method and means to cultivate and develop students' thinking ability, innovation ability and practical ability. However, in the actual teaching, there is always the problem of light process and heavy conclusion in the experiment teaching, which makes the chemistry experiment teaching not play its proper function and function. By studying chemical experiments in senior high schools, it is found that some of the experiments are not well designed or the experimental results are not good, which leads to the unsatisfactory effect of experiment teaching and can not serve the teaching better. In order to improve the observation, maneuverability and effectiveness of some experiments in the teaching materials, combining with the educational teaching experience and focusing on helping and improving the students' scientific literacy, the author optimizes and improves some chemical experiments in the teaching materials of senior high school. The purpose of this paper is to give full play to the teaching function of chemistry experiment and to improve the efficiency and quality of chemistry teaching. This research is part of the experiments in the textbook: the reaction of sodium with water, the combustion of sodium in air, the combustion of aluminum in oxygen, the reaction of iron with water vapor, the bleaching of chlorine gas, the reaction of copper with concentrated nitric acid, the reaction of copper with nitric acid, the bleaching of sulfur dioxide, The flame reaction, the reaction of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate with hydrochloric acid, the fountain experiment of ammonia gas and the explosion experiment of hydrogen and chlorine gas were optimized and improved. It is concluded that the optimization and improvement of the experiment can improve the intellectual value of the experiment, stimulate the students' creative thinking, enable the students to raise problems, analyze and solve problems, and cultivate the students' ability of scientific inquiry. It is helpful for students to learn chemical knowledge, skills and methods, to promote the development of students' cognition, to understand the essence of science and to internalize the spirit of science.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8
本文编号：2331369
[Abstract]:Chemistry experiment is a favorite teaching activity of students. Chemical experiment can stimulate students' interest and passion in learning chemistry, and it is also an important method and means to cultivate and develop students' thinking ability, innovation ability and practical ability. However, in the actual teaching, there is always the problem of light process and heavy conclusion in the experiment teaching, which makes the chemistry experiment teaching not play its proper function and function. By studying chemical experiments in senior high schools, it is found that some of the experiments are not well designed or the experimental results are not good, which leads to the unsatisfactory effect of experiment teaching and can not serve the teaching better. In order to improve the observation, maneuverability and effectiveness of some experiments in the teaching materials, combining with the educational teaching experience and focusing on helping and improving the students' scientific literacy, the author optimizes and improves some chemical experiments in the teaching materials of senior high school. The purpose of this paper is to give full play to the teaching function of chemistry experiment and to improve the efficiency and quality of chemistry teaching. This research is part of the experiments in the textbook: the reaction of sodium with water, the combustion of sodium in air, the combustion of aluminum in oxygen, the reaction of iron with water vapor, the bleaching of chlorine gas, the reaction of copper with concentrated nitric acid, the reaction of copper with nitric acid, the bleaching of sulfur dioxide, The flame reaction, the reaction of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate with hydrochloric acid, the fountain experiment of ammonia gas and the explosion experiment of hydrogen and chlorine gas were optimized and improved. It is concluded that the optimization and improvement of the experiment can improve the intellectual value of the experiment, stimulate the students' creative thinking, enable the students to raise problems, analyze and solve problems, and cultivate the students' ability of scientific inquiry. It is helpful for students to learn chemical knowledge, skills and methods, to promote the development of students' cognition, to understand the essence of science and to internalize the spirit of science.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8
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相关期刊论文 前1条
1 童淑琴;;在高中化学教学中培养学生科学的素质[J];黑龙江科技信息;2008年09期
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 张英波;高中化学实验教学创新研究[D];河北师范大学;2009年
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