自闭症儿童分类特征实验研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 02:38

本文关键词： 自闭症儿童知觉分类类概念分类分类标准　出处：《华东师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：分类是一种重要的认知活动,通过对事物进行分类,人们能有效的组织关于这些事物的知识。分类极其重要,它能够减轻记忆的负荷,使得个体能够关注物体最重要的方面,忽略不相关的细节。基本分类能力的缺陷或特异会影响个体对世界的了解,影响语言的习得和社会信息的获取。自闭症个体在社交沟通和行为模式上的异常,使得对其认知加工特点的研究源源不断。了解自闭症儿童分类特点,能够为提升其概念结构,改善其信息加工方式提供理论基础。因此本文在已有研究的基础上对自闭症儿童知觉分类特征、类概念分类特征以及可能的影响因素进行研究,具有很大的意义。本研究以55名7-12岁学龄阶段的低功能自闭症儿童为对象,对自闭症儿童知觉分类特点、类概念分类特点、分类标准使用特点以及可能的影响因素进行实验研究。研究结果表明：(1)自闭症儿童知觉分类特点：学龄阶段自闭症儿童形色抽象分类不存在年级差异,所有年级的趋势相一致,都表现为按形状分类占优势,符合普通儿童形色抽象的发展规律；自闭症儿童在知觉分类中倾向于按照物体显著性的知觉特征进行分类,显著性高于按抽象水平较高的物体知觉特征分类；学龄自闭症儿童按不同标准进行知觉分类的表现与年龄,智力水平没有显著相关性。(2)自闭症儿童类概念分类特点：上级类概念在学龄阶段自闭症儿童分类中具有加工优势,分类结果要显著性优于对基础类概念分类的结果；物体的典型性对自闭症儿童类概念分类结果有重要影响,对典型物体的分类表现要显著优于不典型物体；随着年级的升高,自闭症儿童类概念分类能力会逐渐提高,但提高的速度较慢；自闭症儿童类概念分类能力的发展与年龄、智商都成显著性正相关,并且与操作智商的相关度极显著。(3)自闭症儿童分类标准使用特点：学龄阶段自闭症儿童总体的分类标准使用倾向为：主题关系分类标准类概念分类标准知觉分类标准；智商对学龄自闭症儿童分类标准的选择有显著性影响,与主题关系和概念关系的使用成显著正相关,与知觉关系的使用成极显著负相关；年级、年龄对学龄自闭症儿童分类标准的使用没有显著影响。
[Abstract]:Classification is an important cognitive activity. By classifying things, people can effectively organize their knowledge about these things. Classification is extremely important. It can reduce the burden of memory and enable individuals to pay attention to the most important aspects of objects. Ignoring irrelevant details. Defects or specificities in basic classification ability can affect individuals' understanding of the world, language acquisition and access to social information. Autism individuals' social communication and behavioral patterns are abnormal. So that the cognitive processing characteristics of the endless stream of research. Understanding the characteristics of autistic children classification, can improve its conceptual structure, Improving its information processing mode provides theoretical basis. Therefore, based on the existing research, this paper studies the classification characteristics of perception, classification characteristics of category concepts and possible influencing factors of autistic children. In this study, 55 children aged 7-12 years old with low function autistic children were selected as objects. The characteristics of classification of perception and concept of autistic children were studied in this study. The characteristics of classification criteria and possible influencing factors were studied experimentally. The results showed that the characteristics of perception classification of autistic children: there was no grade difference in the abstract classification of shape and color of autistic children in school age, and the trend of all grades was the same. In the classification of autism, autistic children tend to classify according to the salient perceptual characteristics of objects. Significant higher than the classification according to the higher level of abstract object perceptual characteristics, autistic children of school age according to different criteria for perceptual classification of performance and age, There is no significant correlation of intelligence level. (2) the characteristics of the classification of autistic children's concept: the higher class concept has processing advantage in the classification of autistic children at school age, and the classification result is significantly better than that of the basic category concept classification. The typicality of objects has an important influence on the classification results of autistic children, and the classification performance of typical objects is significantly better than that of atypical objects. With the increase of grade, the ability of classification of autistic children will be improved gradually. However, the rate of improvement was slow. The development of classification ability of autistic children had a significant positive correlation with age and intelligence quotient. And the correlation with the operational intelligence quotient is very significant. (3) the characteristics of the autistic children's classification standard: the tendency of using the general classification standard of autistic children in school age is as follows: thematic relationship classification standard, concept classification standard, perception classification standard; IQ had a significant influence on the selection of classification criteria for school-age autistic children, positively correlated with the use of thematic and conceptual relationships, and negatively correlated with the use of perceptual relationships. Age had no significant effect on the use of classification criteria for school-age autistic children.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G76

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