联合国儿童基金会支持家庭早期教养的政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 11:19

本文选题：联合国儿童基金会　切入点：家庭早期教养支持　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前,儿童早期发展在世界范围内受到广泛重视。家庭作为早期儿童生活的核心环境,在经济-社会迅速发展、变化的大时代背景下,家庭的养育困境与养育需求凸显。联合国儿童基金会从20世纪60年开始就持续关注和援助儿童早期发展与家庭养育。为此,本研究以联合国儿童基金会(以下简称“UNICEF”)家庭早期教养支持政策为研究视角,以经过检索、筛选的与主题相关的48份政策文本为研究对象,分别采用内容分析法和文献研究法,来梳理和探讨UNICEF家庭早期教养政策的政策取向及发展特征,并从家庭资本理论角度深入分析UNICEF家庭早期教养支持政策的政策内容。首先,为揭示UNICEF现阶段家庭早期教养政策的政策取向和发展特征,本研究基于前人对儿童早期发展与家庭政策的政策取向研究,采用内容分析法,选取UNICEF从2000年到2015年的15份年度报告作为分析文本,对年度报告中与早期儿童和家庭养育支持相关的文本内容进行编码。基于编码结果,研究发现UNICEF现阶段家庭早期教养政策包含了义务、权利和混合三种政策取向,其中权利取向的政策举措最多。这种三中取向并存,权利取向明显的取向特征形成的原因包括《儿童权利公约》精神的指引、家庭养育的现实困境与需求和UNICEF实践经验的选择;总的来说UNICEF家庭早期教养政策呈现出从“家庭支持”到“支持家庭”的政策取向转变。其次,UNICEF家庭早期教养支持政策是一个综合复杂的政策体系。为探究其政策内容,本研究引入“家庭资本”概念,论述了UNICEF通过改善家庭经济资本、社会资本和文化资本来优化家庭资源配置、建设支持性家庭环境,以实现早期儿童良好发展的具体政策举措。研究发现UNICEF主要通过提高贫困家庭收入、改善家庭居住条件改善母亲和早期儿童健康状况三条途径来改善家庭经济资本;通过加强家庭内外部关系、支持与促进家庭参与、开展养育教育以等几种途径来改善家庭的社会资本;通过捐赠教育类物资和创造条件,支持家长与儿童共同参与文化类活动,提高母亲的受教育水平等途径来改善家庭文化资本。最后,论文先总结前文的研究发现并就UNICEF家庭早期教养政策在实践中的成功经验展开讨论,主要包括医教结合、父母赋权和关注不同家庭生命周期阶段养育需求等。
[Abstract]:At present, the development of early childhood is paid more and more attention in the world. The family, as the core environment of early childhood life, is under the background of rapid economic and social development and change. Family parenting difficulties and parenting needs are highlighted. Since 20th century, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) has continued to focus on and assist early childhood development and family rearing. From the perspective of the early upbringing support policy of the United Nations Children's Fund ("UNICEF"), 48 policy texts related to the subject were searched and selected, respectively, using the content analysis method and the literature research method. To sort out and discuss the policy orientation and development characteristics of UNICEF early family upbringing policy, and analyze the policy content of UNICEF early upbringing policy from the angle of family capital theory. In order to reveal the policy orientation and development characteristics of early family upbringing policy in UNICEF at present, this study is based on the previous research on the policy orientation of early childhood development and family policy, and adopts the content analysis method. Fifteen annual reports of UNICEF from 2000 to 2015 were selected as analytical texts to encode the texts related to early childhood and family upbringing support. The study found that UNICEF's early family upbringing policy includes three kinds of policy orientations: obligation, right and mixture, among which the policy of right orientation is the most. The reasons for the obvious orientation characteristics of the right orientation include the guidance of the spirit of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the practical difficulties and needs of family rearing and the choice of UNICEF's practical experience. In general, UNICEF family early upbringing policy shows a shift from "family support" to "supporting family" policy. Secondly, UNICEF family early upbringing support policy is a comprehensive and complex policy system. This study introduces the concept of "family capital" and discusses that UNICEF can optimize the allocation of family resources and build a supportive family environment by improving family economic capital, social capital and cultural capital. The study found that UNICEF can improve the family economic capital mainly by increasing the income of poor families, improving the living conditions of families and improving the health status of mothers and early childhood. To improve the social capital of the family through, inter alia, strengthening family internal and external relations, supporting and promoting family participation, conducting parenting education, etc., and supporting parents and children to participate in cultural activities by donating educational materials and creating conditions, Finally, the paper summarizes the previous research findings and discusses the successful experience of UNICEF early family upbringing policy in practice, mainly including the combination of medical and teaching, and so on, to improve the mother's education level and other ways to improve the family cultural capital, finally, the paper summarizes the previous research findings and discusses the successful experience of UNICEF family early upbringing policy in practice. Parents empower and focus on parenting needs in different family life cycle stages.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G78

【参考文献】