父母教养方式与农村小学儿童焦虑的关系

发布时间：2018-04-24 06:09

本文选题：父亲教养方式 + 母亲教养方式　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来,儿童的焦虑问题已经受到越来越多的关注。长期处在焦虑状态的儿童不但无法进行正常的学习和生活,而且其身心成长也会受到很大的影响。父母教养方式是指父母在教养、抚养子女的日常生活中表现出的一种相对稳定的行为方式和行为倾向,是其教育观念和教育行为的综合体现。已有的研究表明,父母教养行为与儿童的焦虑情绪均存在显著相关,父母亲积极的教养方式如对子女的关爱、支持和民主信任等行为与其焦虑情绪之间存在显著的负相关;而父母亲消极的教养方式如惩罚严厉和过度保护等行为则与小学儿童的焦虑情绪之间存在显著的正相关(孙永明,芦咏莉,1998)。因此,探明儿童焦虑的家庭相关因素并在此基础上采取针对性的家庭指导和干预措施,对于预防和解决儿童的焦虑问题具有很重要的应用价值。但在已有的国内外关于焦虑的研究大多数是单独研究某种特定的焦虑状况(如社交焦虑、分离焦虑、考试焦虑);母亲的教养方式在关于儿童焦虑与教养方式的研究中受到更多的关注,而父亲教养方式则很少涉及到;从研究对象来看,已有的相关研究多数是关于中学生或者学前儿童的焦虑状况研究,专门针对小学儿童焦虑状况的研究较少,而且相关研究主要以城市儿童为被试,鲜有专门针对农村儿童焦虑状况的研究。鉴于上述考虑,本研究拟在农村文化背景下,考察小学儿童焦虑与父母教养的基本特点,在此基础上进一步考察父母教养方式和农村小学儿童焦虑之间的关系。对于这一问题的探讨,不仅有助于增进人们关于家庭教育与农村小学儿童焦虑之间关系的认识,而且可以为我国农村家庭中父母采用恰当的教养方式促进小学儿童心理健康发展提供某些科学依据。本研究采用横断研究的方法,在潍坊市两所普通农村小学中采用整体抽样法抽取615名三到六年级小学生作为被试,以父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU-C)和Spence儿童焦虑量表(SCAS)为研究工具,采用儿童自我报告的方法,分别收集了农村小学儿童父亲教养方式和母亲教养方式及其焦虑的相关数据,用以考察它们之间的关系。主要结论如下:1.农村小学儿童的焦虑存在性别和年级差异。在焦虑总分上女生的焦虑得分均显著高于男生。六年级儿童的社交恐惧显著高于三、四、五年级儿童;三、四年级儿童的恐慌障碍均显著高于六年级儿童。2.农村小学儿童的父母教养方式存在性别和年级差异。父亲对男孩的过度保护和拒绝均显著高于女孩;母亲教养方式的各维度性别主效应均不显著。父亲对三年级和五年级儿童的过度保护均显著高于六年级儿童,父亲对五年级儿童的情感温暖显著高于三、四、六年级的儿童,父亲对五年级儿童的教养焦虑显著高于三年级儿童和六年级儿童。母亲对五年级儿童的情感温暖显著高于三、四、六年级的儿童,母亲对五年级儿童的教养焦虑显著高于三年级儿童。在父母教养方式各个维度得分上,性别和年级的交互作用均不显著。3.相关分析发现,父亲的过度保护、拒绝与儿童的分离焦虑、社交恐惧、强迫冲动障碍、恐慌障碍、广泛性焦虑及焦虑总分呈正相关,父亲的教养焦虑与儿童的焦虑各症状与焦虑总分均呈正相关。4.相关分析发现,母亲的过度保护、拒绝、教养焦虑与儿童的焦虑各症状和焦虑总分呈正相关。5.回归分析发现,父亲的过度保护能够正向预测儿童的强迫冲动性障碍和广泛性焦虑;父亲的拒绝和教养焦虑均能显著预测儿童焦虑的各维度及焦虑总分;父亲的情感温暖能够负向预测儿童的分离焦虑、社交恐惧、恐慌障碍、广泛性焦虑和焦虑总分。6.回归分析发现,母亲的过度保护能够正向预测儿童的强迫冲动性障碍和广泛性焦虑;母亲的拒绝和教养焦虑均能显著预测儿童焦虑的各维度及焦虑总分;母亲的情感温暖能够负向预测儿童的分离焦虑、社交恐惧、广泛性焦虑和焦虑总分。
[Abstract]:In recent years, children's anxiety has attracted more and more attention. Children who have long been in a state of anxiety are not only unable to do normal learning and life, but also their physical and mental growth will be greatly influenced. Parenting means a relatively stable behavior in their parents' daily life. The existing research shows that there is a significant correlation between parental rearing behavior and children's anxiety. There is a significant negative correlation between parents' positive upbringing, such as caring for children, support and democratic trust, and their anxiety. Negative parental rearing patterns, such as severe punishment and excessive protection, have significant positive correlation with the anxiety of primary school children (Sun Yongming, Lu Yong Li, 1998). Therefore, the family related factors of children's anxiety are explored and targeted family guidance and interventions are taken to prevent and solve children's focus on this basis. The problem of anxiety is of great value in application. However, most of the research on anxiety at home and abroad is to study certain specific anxiety conditions (such as social anxiety, separation anxiety, examination anxiety); mother's way of education is paid more attention in the study of children's anxiety and education, and the way of father rearing is very good. Few of them are involved; from the research object, most of the related research is about the anxiety of middle school students or preschool children. There are few studies on the anxiety of children in primary school, and the related research mainly takes urban children as subjects, and few studies are specially aimed at the anxiety of rural children. Under the background of rural culture, this paper examines the basic characteristics of children's anxiety and parental rearing in primary schools. On this basis, we will further investigate the relationship between parental rearing patterns and children's anxiety in rural primary schools. The discussion of this problem will not only help to improve the understanding of the relationship between family education and rural primary school children's anxiety, And it can provide some scientific basis for the parents of rural families to adopt proper upbringing to promote the mental health development of primary school children. In this study, 615 pupils of three to six year grade were selected as subjects by the method of cross-sectional study in two ordinary rural primary schools in Weifang. The evaluation scale (EMBU-C) and the Spence children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) were used as the research tools. The children's self reporting methods were used to collect the related data of the father's upbringing and mother's upbringing and their anxiety in rural primary school. The relationship between them was investigated. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the anxiety of children in rural primary school has sex. The anxiety scores of girls were significantly higher than those of boys. The social fear in grade six children was significantly higher than that of three, four, five, and three and four in grade four were significantly higher than those of grade six children in.2. rural primary school. Both degree protection and refusal were significantly higher than that of girls, and there were no significant gender main effects in all dimensions of mother's education. Father's over protection of children in grade three and grade five was significantly higher than that of grade six children. Father's emotional warmth to five grade children was significantly higher than three, four, six year grade children and father to five grade children. The emotional warmth of mother to grade five children was significantly higher than that of grade three and grade six. The children of grade five were significantly higher than three, four, six, and the anxiety of the mother to grade five was significantly higher than that of grade three. Father's excessive protection, refusing to be associated with children's separation anxiety, social fear, compulsion disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety and anxiety total score positively related, father's upbringing anxiety and children's anxiety symptoms and anxiety total scores are positively related.4. analysis, mother's excessive protection, refusal, upbringing anxiety and children coke The.5. regression analysis of the total scores of the symptoms and anxiety found that the father's overprotection could predict the obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety of the children, and the father's refusal and upbringing anxiety could significantly predict the dimensions of children's anxiety and the total anxiety score, and the warmth of father's feeling of feeling could negatively predict the separation anxiety of the children. The.6. regression analysis of social fear, panic disorder, generalized anxiety and anxiety found that mother's overprotection could predict children's compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety positively; mother's refusal and upbringing anxiety could significantly predict the dimensions of children's anxiety and the total anxiety score; mother's emotional warmth could be negatively predicted for children. The total score of separation anxiety, social anxiety, generalized anxiety and anxiety.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G78;G444

【参考文献】