旬邑县新型职业农民培育研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 16:44

【摘要】：我国农业的出路在现代化,农业现代化关键在科技进步。要适时调整农业技术进步路线,加强农业科技人才队伍建设,培养新型职业农民(习近平,2016)。新型职业农民问题是我们国家实现农业现代化进程中重要的人力资源支撑和保障,虽然我国“培育新型职业农民”的事业刚刚起步,但是其对于我国农业的未来发展的重大意义是显而易见的,培育新型职业农民是我国农业现代化和全面建设小康社会的必然战略选择,是“三农”工作的重中之重。近年来,由于农村劳动力的大量转移,在家务农的劳动力的文化水平偏低、老龄化趋势严重等现实状况严重制约了旬邑县农业生产特别是苹果产业的健康发展,同时也严重影响了全县新农村建设的进度、农业现代化发展的进程。如何加大农村劳动力培训教育力度,全面提升劳动者素质,在较短的时间内,培育出较多数量的技术过硬、懂得经营、善于管理的的新型职业农民,是我国当前农业现代化发展道路上的燃眉之急。本研究以陕西旬邑县为例,以当地相关政府机构负责人和种植大户、养殖大户、专业合作社负责人、家庭农场负责人、新型农业经营主体雇工、农机手、农村经纪人、农资经销者等各类准新型职业农民群体为对象,采取文献研究、问卷调查、深度访谈等方式,展开深入研究,并在此基础上提出对策和建议。笔者通过对旬邑县新型职业农民培育的基础条件、各类准新型职业农民的现状、政府部门的培育措施、培育成效四个方面的论述,分析旬邑县当前新型职业农民培育中存在的问题,并对问题产生的深层次原因及障碍因素进行分析,从培育对象、培育体系、培育环境三个方面提出了培育对象有偏差、整体素质偏低、培育体系师资力量薄弱、管理不健全、资格认证制度不完善、培育环节有缺失、培育环境产业结构单一、土地流转困难、扶持政策可操作性不强、农业保限体制不完善等十个方面的问题。并针对这些问题提出了营造氛围,扩大培育对象范围;整合资源,创造优质培育环境;完善体系,科学制定认证制度;优化产业,以品牌赢得竞争力;细化政策,提升农业保险水平等五个方面的对策建议。以期为政府相关部门决策参考提供依据。同时,也为今后进一步推动县域及陕西关中地区等相似地区新型职业农民培育工作提供一定的实践参考。
[Abstract]:The outlet of our country agriculture is modernization, the key of agricultural modernization lies in science and technology progress. It is necessary to adjust the course of agricultural technological progress, strengthen the construction of agricultural science and technology talents, and train new type of professional farmers (Xi Jinping and 2016). The problem of new-type professional peasants is an important human resource support and guarantee in the process of realizing agricultural modernization in our country, although the cause of "cultivating new professional peasants" in our country is just beginning. However, its great significance for the future development of agriculture in China is obvious. Cultivating new type of professional farmers is the inevitable strategic choice for the modernization of agriculture and the building of a well-off society in an all-round way, and is the most important part of the work of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". In recent years, due to a large number of rural labor transfer, the low cultural level of home-based agricultural labor force, serious aging trend and other reality seriously restricted the healthy development of Xunyi County agricultural production, especially the apple industry. At the same time also seriously affected the progress of the county's new rural construction, the development of agricultural modernization process. How to strengthen the training and education of rural labor force, improve the quality of workers in an all-round way, and in a relatively short period of time, cultivate a large number of new type of professional farmers who are skilled in technology, who know how to manage and are good at management. Is our country current agricultural modernization development road on the urgent need. This study takes Xunyi County, Shaanxi Province as an example, taking the responsible persons of local relevant government agencies and big growers, large farmers, professional cooperatives, family farm owners, new type agricultural operators, agricultural machine workers, rural brokers, and so on. Based on the literature research, questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and so on, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions. The author discusses the basic conditions of the cultivation of new-type professional farmers in Xunyi County, the present situation of various quasi-new-type professional farmers, the cultivation measures of government departments, and the cultivation results. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the cultivation of the new type of professional farmers in Xunyi County, and analyzes the deep-seated causes and obstacles of the problems, and puts forward the deviation of the cultivation objects from three aspects: the cultivation object, the cultivation system and the cultivation environment. The overall quality is on the low side, the training system is weak, the teaching staff is weak, the management is not perfect, the qualification certification system is not perfect, the cultivation link has the deficiency, the cultivation environment industrial structure is single, the land circulation is difficult, the support policy is not operable. The agricultural limit system is not perfect and other ten aspects of the problem. Aiming at these problems, some suggestions are put forward, such as creating atmosphere, enlarging the range of cultivation objects, integrating resources, creating high quality cultivation environment, perfecting system, making certification system scientifically, optimizing industry, winning competitiveness by brand, refining policy, Improve the level of agricultural insurance and other five aspects of the countermeasures. In order to provide the basis for the relevant government departments decision-making reference. At the same time, it also provides some practical reference for further promoting the cultivation of new type professional farmers in similar areas such as county area and Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province in the future.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G725

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