轻度自闭症儿童在母子会话情境中的会话能力研究

发布时间：2018-12-21 12:50

【摘要】：近年来,轻度自闭症儿童会话能力的发展日益受到重视,母亲作为轻度自闭症儿童的亲密互动对象对其会话能力的发展具有重要意义,而目前针对轻度自闭症儿童母子会话能力的研究相对较少。同时,儿童的会话能力与其词汇水平显著相关,对词汇水平相匹配的普通儿童与轻度自闭症儿童的会话能力进行比较,能够更加清晰得反映出在没有词汇水平障碍的情况下轻度自闭症儿童的会话特征。因此,本研究在已有研究的基础上,运用量化研究方法,结合对语料的质性分析,对词汇水平相匹配的轻度自闭症儿童与普通儿童的母子会话能力进行比较与分析。本研究从N市和J市的两所特殊儿童康复机构选取了 21名轻度自闭症儿童,同时在N市某幼儿园选取了 21名与其性别、词汇水平相匹配的普通儿童,共42名儿童作为研究对象。收集42对儿童的母子会话语料,对会话语料进行转录与编码,并从话轮转换、会话发起、会话维持与会话修补四个方面对两组儿童在母子会话情境中的会话能力进行比较分析,研究得出以下结论:(1)轻度自闭症儿童在母子会话中的整体会话结构与普通儿童一致,但其整体会话能力的发展程度较低,且在会话维持方面的差距最为显著。(2)轻度自闭症儿童在母子会话中的话轮转换频率不低,但对话轮转换规则的掌握较弱。(3)轻度自闭症儿童在母子会话中的会话发起频率不低,但存在较多会话发起失败的现象。(4)轻度自闭症儿童母子会话中的会话维持数量较少,会话维持较为被动,且会话中的信息交互度较低。(5)轻度自闭症儿童在母子会话中的会话修补能力不稳定,会话修补类型较为简单且存在较多不适当修补。根据上述研究结论,研究者提出以下建议:(1)通过培养轻度自闭症儿童的“轮流”意识;给予轻度自闭症儿童明显的话轮结束提示;增强轻度自闭症儿童信息反馈能力,来加强轻度自闭症儿童话轮转换的规则意识。(2)通过充分利用中介物,引发轻度自闭症儿童的发起欲望;创设挑战情境,触发轻度自闭症儿童的发起需求,来提高轻度自闭症儿童的会话发起质量。(3)通过捕捉兴趣点,把握会话时机;加强句式训练,提高其信息获取能力;适度回应,提高其信息输出能力,来全面发展轻度自闭症儿童的信息交互能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the development of conversational ability of children with mild autism, and mothers as intimate and interactive objects of children with mild autism play an important role in the development of their conversational abilities. However, there are relatively few studies on the ability of mother and child conversation in children with mild autism. At the same time, the conversational ability of children was significantly correlated with their lexical level, and the conversational ability of ordinary children with matched lexical level was compared with that of children with mild autism. It can more clearly reflect the conversational characteristics of children with mild autism without lexical impairment. Therefore, on the basis of previous studies, this study makes a comparison and analysis of the mother and child conversation abilities of children with mild autism and common children with mild autism, which are matched by lexical level, using the quantitative method and the qualitative analysis of the corpus. In this study, 21 children with mild autism were selected from two special rehabilitation institutions in N city and J city, and 21 normal children matched with their gender and vocabulary level in a kindergarten in N city. A total of 42 children were selected as the research objects. We collected 42 pairs of mother and child conversation data, transcribed and encoded the conversation data, and compared the two groups of children's conversational ability in the mother-child conversation situation from four aspects: turn-off, conversation initiation, conversation maintenance and conversation repair. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the overall conversation structure of mild autistic children in mother-child conversation is the same as that of normal children, but the overall conversational ability of children with mild autism is lower than that of normal children. The difference in conversation maintenance was most significant. (2) the frequency of turn-switching was not low in children with mild autism in mother-child conversation. However, the rules of conversational rotation are weak. (3) the frequency of initiation of conversation among children with mild autism in mother-child conversation is not low. However, there is more failure in the initiation of conversation. (4) the number of conversation maintenance in children with mild autism is relatively small, and the conversation maintenance is more passive. And the degree of information interaction in conversation is low. (5) the ability of conversation repair is unstable in children with mild autism, and the type of session repair is relatively simple and there are many inappropriate patching. Based on the findings of the study, the following suggestions were made: (1) to develop the consciousness of "rotation" in children with mild autism; To enhance the ability of information feedback of children with mild autism to strengthen the awareness of the rules of language rotation of children with mild autism. (2) by making full use of intermediates, the initiation desire of children with mild autism can be induced; Create challenge situations, trigger the initiation needs of children with mild autism, to improve the quality of conversation initiation of children with mild autism. (3) by capturing points of interest, grasp the opportunity of conversation, strengthen sentence training, improve their ability to obtain information; In order to develop the interaction ability of children with mild autism, we can improve their ability of information output.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G76

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