缺陷理论视域下特殊儿童发展援助反思及促进策略

发布时间：2019-01-08 09:08

【摘要】：依据维果斯基缺陷理论的基本观点,特殊儿童发展缺陷的实质是心理发展的生物过程与文化过程分离,以及在操作和改造其心理发展的中介工具能力上存在困难。由此,针对特殊儿童的发展援助,既需要矫治其生物过程在种系发展上的偏常状态,也需要着眼于解决社会文化适宜性因素在特殊儿童个体发展中的缺失以及重新学习心理工具的运用等问题,方能发挥其对特殊儿童发展的积极影响。然而,实际的发展援助却存在重生存保障、轻发展指导,重初级教化、轻再社会化,多游击式干预,少系统化指导等不足。针对此类问题,主要提出了重塑发展性取向的发展援助目标,创构全息性取向的发展援助形式,生成体验性取向的发展援助课程,培养具有关怀性品格的特教教师等应对策略。
[Abstract]:According to the basic viewpoint of Vygoski's defect theory, the essence of the development defect of special children is to separate the biological process from the cultural process of psychological development, and it is difficult to operate and transform the intermediary ability of psychological development. As a result, development assistance for children in special situations requires that their biological processes be rectified in the development of the seed system. In order to exert its positive influence on the development of special children, it is also necessary to solve the problems of the lack of sociocultural suitability factors in the individual development of special children and the application of psychological tools for re-learning in order to exert its positive influence on the development of special children. However, actual development assistance has some shortcomings, such as emphasizing survival guarantee, neglecting development guidance, emphasizing primary education, neglecting re-socialization, multi-guerrilla intervention, less systematic guidance, and so on. Aiming at this kind of problems, this paper puts forward the countermeasures of reconstructing the development aid target of sexual orientation, creating the development aid form of holographic sexual orientation, creating the development aid curriculum of experience sexual orientation, and cultivating special education teachers with caring character.
【作者单位】：安徽师范大学教育科学学院;
【基金】：全国教育科学规划教育部重点项目“农村幼儿教师县级培训机制创新研究”(DFA130250) 安徽省高校优秀青年人才基金重点项目“异化与回归:走向‘生活批判’的中国儿童教育研究”(GXYQZD2016402)的部分成果
【分类号】：G760

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