新中国院校升格现象的历史考察与政策研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 11:07

本文关键词：新中国院校升格现象的历史考察与政策研究　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：院校“升格”是高等教育层次结构的变革方式之一。论文所指的“升格”主要包括中等专业学校升格成为专科学校,专科学校升格成为本科院校。从国际上来看,高等教育层次上延是全球高等教育的发展趋势;在我国,院校升格是高等教育适应社会变革特别是经济转型升级的一种反映;从院校层面来看,升格已成为其生存发展的内在诉求。因此,我们有必要从理论与实践上深刻分析院校升格的动因与机理,使高等教育层次结构的调整有章可循。“观今宜鉴古,无古不成今”。不了解历史,不仅无法真正地理解现在,也难以有效地预知未来。论文首先从历史上详细考察了新中国成立以来发生的五次大规模院校升格现象,总结了我国院校升格的整体特征,即多发性、突变性、他律性与自律性。根据内外部关系规律归纳了院校升格的三点动因:国家和社会因素、高等学校自身诉求、高等教育系统内部因素,并且指出改革开放前大规模的院校升格主要由政府强势操控,改革开放之后,高等院校内部则对“升格”表现出强烈的愿望。通过对历史的考察与分析,论文指出了院校升格对国家高等教育发展的影响是一把“双刃剑”,一方面对高等教育结构的改善和调整起到重要作用,另一方面,由于经验不足使得高等教育的发展处于不稳定的状态。在历史研究和理论分析的基础上,论文对高等教育层次结构的调整提出了相关的政策建议,一是借鉴历史的经验,学习民国时期注重立法;二是借鉴西方发达国家经验,提高专科教育质量;三是建立高等教育结构动态调整机制。为使院校“格”的调整有章可循,笔者尝试着构建了高等教育层次结构动态调整的三种机制——“上下机制”、“左右机制”、“退出机制”,该机制建立的逻辑起点是使院校的“位格”与其办学品质相符。
[Abstract]:"upgrading" in colleges and universities is one of the ways to reform the higher education hierarchy. The "upgrading" in this paper mainly includes the upgrading of secondary specialized schools into specialized schools. From the international point of view, the higher education level extension is the development trend of the global higher education; In China, the upgrading of colleges and universities is a reflection of higher education adapting to social changes, especially economic transformation and upgrading. From the perspective of colleges and universities, upgrading has become the inherent demand of its survival and development. Therefore, it is necessary for us to analyze the motivation and mechanism of upgrading in theory and practice. So that the adjustment of higher education hierarchy can be based on the rules. "it is appropriate to learn from the past today, no history is not today". Do not understand history, not only can not really understand the present. It is also difficult to predict the future effectively. Firstly, this paper examines five large-scale college upgrading phenomena since the founding of New China in history, and summarizes the overall characteristics of college upgrading in China, that is, multiple, mutation. According to the law of internal and external relations, this paper sums up the three reasons for the upgrading of colleges and universities: national and social factors, colleges and universities' own demands, and the internal factors of higher education system. It also points out that before the reform and opening up, the large-scale upgrading of colleges and universities was mainly controlled by the government. After the reform and opening up, the institutions of higher learning showed a strong desire for "upgrading" through the investigation and analysis of history. The paper points out that the influence of the upgrading of colleges and universities on the development of national higher education is a "double-edged sword", which plays an important role in improving and adjusting the structure of higher education on the one hand, and on the other hand. Because of the lack of experience, the development of higher education is in an unstable state. On the basis of historical research and theoretical analysis, the paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations on the adjustment of higher education hierarchy. First, draw lessons from the historical experience, learn from the Republic of China to pay attention to legislation; Second, learn from the experience of western developed countries, improve the quality of college education; The third is to establish the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the higher education structure. In order to make the adjustment of the "lattice" of colleges and universities have rules to follow, the author tries to construct three kinds of mechanism of the dynamic adjustment of the higher education hierarchy structure "up and down mechanism". "left and right mechanism" and "exit mechanism", the logical starting point of the establishment of this mechanism is to make the "position" of colleges and universities conform to the quality of running a school.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.2

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