学科生态系统:核心主张、演化路径与制度保障——兼论世界一流学科的生成机理

发布时间：2018-01-15 13:27

本文关键词：学科生态系统:核心主张、演化路径与制度保障——兼论世界一流学科的生成机理　出处：《高校教育管理》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：世界一流大学以拥有若干门一流学科为标志,而一流学科的形成却以和谐的学科生态系统为前提。作为有别于自然主义的社会系统,学科生态系统有四项核心主张:其一,我们要重视学科生态系统的健康及其整体竞争力;其二,学科多样性是系统有序演化的先决条件;其三,优势学科群落决定着学科系统的学术水平;其四,高校要根据知识生产和协同育人规律打造学术共同体。文章根据内部关联度和外部开放度构建了学科系统演进策略矩阵,为系统演化提供了四种状态和两种演化路径。比较而言,高校首先要优化学科组织的内部结构,将学科组织独立生长阶段过渡到学科组织之间的合作创新阶段,然后要侧重解决学科系统面向应用情境的协同创新难题。这应该是我国高校构建学科生态系统的最佳演化路径。为了进一步确保演化路径的顺利实施,办学者还需要在激活基层学术组织活力的前提下探寻制度供给方式和内容,通过营造和谐的学科生态环境联动建设一流大学和一流学科。
[Abstract]:The first class university in the world is marked by the possession of several first-class subjects, while the formation of the first class discipline is based on a harmonious discipline ecosystem, which is a social system different from naturalism. There are four core propositions in the subject ecosystem: first, we should attach importance to the health of the subject ecosystem and its overall competitiveness; Secondly, discipline diversity is the precondition of systematic orderly evolution. Thirdly, the dominant discipline community determines the academic level of the discipline system; Fourthly, colleges and universities should build academic community according to the rules of knowledge production and collaborative education. This paper constructs the evolution strategy matrix of discipline system according to the degree of internal correlation and external openness. It provides four states and two evolution paths for system evolution. In comparison, colleges and universities should first optimize the internal structure of discipline organization, and transition the independent growth stage of discipline organization to the cooperative innovation stage among discipline organizations. Then we should focus on solving the problem of collaborative innovation of the subject system oriented to the application situation, which should be the best evolutionary path for the construction of the discipline ecosystem in colleges and universities in China, in order to further ensure the smooth implementation of the evolution path. On the premise of activating the vitality of grass-roots academic organizations, the scholars also need to explore the ways and contents of institutional supply, and to build first-class universities and first-rate disciplines by creating a harmonious subject ecological environment.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学教育学院;
【基金】：中国人民大学2016年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划成果
【分类号】：G642.3
【正文快照】： 学科的基本含义是指人们在认识客体的过程中形成的一套系统有序的知识体系,当这套知识体系被完整地继承、传授并创新发展以后,学科则表现为一种学术制度、知识组织、教学科目,或表现为一种活动形态[1]。鉴于学科和院校的聚集性和分散化特征,学科往往在院校当中以学术组织为载

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