批判性思维与创新型人才的培养

发布时间：2018-02-03 08:57

本文关键词： 大学生的两个转变创新型人才批判性思维创新　出处：《中国大学教学》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：创新型人才具有某些理智和人格方面的特质,大学生在大学校园里要完成两个转变,批判性思维在培养这些特质和促成这些转变方面有重要作用。"批判性思维"有四重含义:起源于美国、后来风行欧美的一场教育改革运动;现代社会中合格公民和创新型人才所必须具备的思维气质、倾向和习惯;在面对相信什么或做什么时,人们做出合理决定的一系列思考技能、方法和策略;一种旨在培养批判性思维习惯和能力的课程设置。批判性思维和创新是相辅相成的,具体表现在:新问题的提出需要批判意识和怀疑精神;新解决方案的提出需要批判性思维,包括技能和精神气质两方面;批判性思维者能够避免"一厢情愿式的思考",后者是成功创新的大敌。可以采取如下措施来培养大学生的批判性思维:开设一批文理通识课程,分成不同的板块;普遍开设逻辑和批判性思维课程;普遍开设"经典阅读和写作训练"课程;有丰富的校园文化和社团活动;大学课堂不能仅限于传授知识,而且要激发兴趣和培养能力;引导学生做探索式学习;开设一批核心课程,严格要求,严格考试。
[Abstract]:Innovative talents have some intellectual and personality characteristics, college students in the university campus to complete two changes. Critical thinking plays an important role in cultivating these characteristics and promoting these changes. "critical thinking" has four meanings: originated in the United States and later popular in Europe and the United States, an educational reform movement; In modern society, qualified citizens and innovative talents must have the temperament, tendency and habit of thinking; In the face of what to believe or do, people make a series of rational thinking skills, methods and strategies; A curriculum designed to cultivate critical thinking habits and abilities. Critical thinking and innovation complement each other. The proposal of new solutions requires critical thinking, including skills and ethos; Critical thinkers can avoid "wishful thinking", which is the enemy of successful innovation. The following measures can be taken to cultivate the critical thinking of college students: offering a number of liberal arts and sciences courses. Divided into different plates; Universal courses in logic and critical thinking; The course "Classical Reading and Writing training" is widely offered; Rich campus culture and community activities; College classroom should not only be limited to imparting knowledge, but also stimulate interest and develop ability; Guide students to do exploratory learning; Set up a batch of core courses, strict requirements, strict examination.
【作者单位】：北京大学哲学系/外国哲学研究所;
【分类号】：G642
【正文快照】： 批判性思维是大胆质疑而非愤世嫉俗,是思想开放而非举棋不定,是分析批判而非吹毛求疵。批判性的思考果断但不固执,评价但不苛责,有力但不武断[1]。——彼得·范西昂(美国批判性思维专家)美国耶鲁大学前校长理查德·莱文(RichardC.Levin)曾指出:“中国大学本科教育缺乏两个非常

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