大学生职业胜任力培养的问题及对策

发布时间：2018-03-04 12:21

本文选题：大学生　切入点：职业胜任力　出处：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化和信息化时代的来临,各国面临着激烈的国际竞争和新技术革命的挑战,经济竞争和综合国力较量的背后,是人才的竞争。中国要在21世纪保持经济的可持续发展,实现建设创新型国家的目标,必须依靠教育,尤其是高等教育培养出具有高素质的人才。“胜任力”概念最早由哈佛大学教授McCleland博士提出,他在1973年美国的《美国心理学家》(American Psychologist)发表了题为《测量智力而非胜任力》(Testing for competence rather than for intelligence)一文,他认为预示一个人工作绩效高低和个人职业生涯成功与否的不是传统认为的学术能力和知识技能测评,而是影响工作绩效的个人条件及行为,并把它们称为胜任力(competency),自此,胜任力理论研究成为20世纪80年代以来的研究热点。研究大学生职业胜任力的培养问题,不仅有利于大学生自身走向职业成功,也有利于高校在市场经济下的生存和发展以及我国“科教兴国”战略的顺利实施。本研究主要采用问卷调查法,根据焦静、冯明构建的大学生职业胜任力模型,从基础技能、岗位适应能力、问题解决能力、个人特质、关系建立能力、持续进步能力6个维度调查了大学生职业胜任力的现状,并从高校、大学生自身、企业三个角度调查了大学生职业胜任力的培养现状,发现了以下问题:大学生的专业知识和技能还有待进一步提高,特别是英语水平;大学生洞察机会,抓住机会的能力以及有效管理个人情绪的能力比较差;动手能力和创新能力不足;自律缺乏;语言表达能力和成就动机比较缺乏。在大学生职业胜任力培养现状方面,高校的课程设置未能较好的让大学生学到所需的职业知识和技能,大学生缺乏充足的就业指导;大学生对自身具备何种职业胜任力的认识不足,职业生涯规划也比较模糊;大学生的企业实习经历较少。基于以上存在的问题,研究者通过进一步的文献查找,分析了大学生职业胜任力培养存在问题的原因,有以下几个方面:高校课程设置落后于时代发展,培养重知识轻实践、高校就业指导工作存在不足;大学生自身职业生涯规划能力欠缺、大学生对自身职业胜任力培养的重视度不够、就业观念和就业心态存在问题;为大学生提供的实习机会较少、部分企业尚未形成健全的人力资源管理机制等。最后,本研究从高校、大学生自身、企业、政府四个层面出发,结合美国、英国、澳大利亚等西方国家大学生职业胜任力的成功经验提出了我国大学生职业胜任力培养的对策。高校培养方面,需要精心设计学科课程体系与改革教学方式;加强大学生就业指导工作;注重大学生个性的培养;开展创业教育,搭建创业教育实践平台;大学生自身培养方面,主动学习,积极参加社会实际活动:做好自身职业生涯规划;转变传统观念,主动适应社会;企业培养方面,加强与高校的联系,优化用人环境;为大学生提供更多的实习机会;政府培养方面,充分发挥联系高校和企业的纽带作用;制定全国统一的大学生职业胜任力框架等。
[Abstract]:With the economic globalization and information era, countries facing fierce competition and the challenge of new technology revolution, behind the economic competition and comprehensive national strength, is the talent competition. China to maintain the sustainable development of the economy in twenty-first Century, to achieve the goal of building an innovative country, must rely on education, especially higher education with the high-quality talents. The concept of "competency" is the earliest by Dr. Harvard University professor McCleland proposed, he in 1973 America. American psychologist > (American Psychologist) published a report entitled "measuring intelligence rather than competency (Testing for competence rather than > for Intelligence) article, he believes that a person that work performance and personal occupation career success is not that traditional academic skills and job performance evaluation, but influence individual conditions And behavior, and called them competency (competency), since then, competency theory has become a research hotspot since 1980s. Research on the cultivation of College Students' occupation competency, not only conducive to the students themselves to occupation successfully, but also conducive to the smooth implementation of universities in market economy under the survival and development of our country, "through science and education" strategy. This research mainly adopts questionnaire survey, according to Jiao Jing Feng Ming building of college students occupation competency model, from basic skills, job adaptability, problem-solving ability, personal characteristics, relationship building capacity, the 6 dimensions of continued progress ability to survey the current status of college student occupation competency, and from colleges and universities, college students, three aspects of enterprises investigated the present situation of college students occupation competency training, found the following problems: the students' professional knowledge and skills to be further. High level of English, especially the ability of college students; insight into the opportunities, seize the opportunity and effective management of personal emotion is poor; practical ability and innovation ability is insufficient; the lack of self-discipline; language ability and achievement motivation in college students' occupation. The lack of competent Li Pei raises the present situation, the curriculum of colleges and universities to better let students occupation knowledge and learn the necessary skills, students lack of adequate employment guidance; college students have their own lack of understanding of what kind of occupation competency, occupation career planning is fuzzy; college students internship experience less. Based on the above problems, the researchers further through literature search, analysis of the college students' occupation competency training problems reason has the following several aspects: behind the times development of university curriculum, training heavy knowledge light practice, college employment guidance work For the shortcomings of college students; occupation career planning ability, college students on their occupation competency training and insufficient attention, the concept of employment and employment mentality problems; for college students to provide internship opportunities for less, some enterprises have not yet formed a perfect human resource management mechanism and so on. Finally, this study from the University, the students themselves, enterprises. Four levels of government, with the United States, Britain, Australia and other western countries, the successful experience of college students occupation competency and puts forward some countermeasures for Chinese college students' occupation competency training. The training, curriculum system reform and the need to carefully design the teaching mode; strengthen the employment guidance of college students; cultivate students' personality; entrepreneurship education, build entrepreneurship education practice platform, students training; active learning, and actively participate in social practice activities: good self Personal occupation career planning; to change the traditional ideas, take the initiative to adapt to the society; enterprise culture, strengthen links with the universities, optimize the employment environment; provide more internship opportunities for college students; government training, give full play to college and business ties; develop college students occupation competency framework of national unity.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.38

【参考文献】