面向世界一流大学的科研竞争力分析

发布时间：2018-03-04 14:34

本文选题：世界一流大学　切入点：科研竞争力　出处：《高教发展与评估》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：武汉大学中国科学评价研究中心发布的《世界一流大学及学科竞争力评价报告(2015-2016)》中将科研竞争力排名前100名的大学列为世界顶尖大学,101-300名为世界高水平著名大学,世界顶尖大学和世界高水平著名大学称为“世界一流大学”。在前100名中选择上海交通大学和密歇根大学,在前101-200名选择南京大学和卡迪夫大学,在前201-300名中选择武汉大学和以色列理工学院进行国内外比较研究。通过比较分析发现:中国高校的科研竞争力优势主要在于科研生产力水平较高,即发表的论文总数较多;劣势在于科研创新力和影响力不足,即科研创新性和质量还有待提高。选择公认的世界一流大学,如哈佛大学、牛津大学、剑桥大学等进行研究发现,世界一流大学具有一些共同特征,特别是在人才培养、科研竞争力等方面,其特征可以归纳为:一流的师资,一流的学生,一流的科研能力和成果,一流的管理模式。世界一流大学的发展是师资、学生、科研成果、管理模式等因素共同作用的结果,要想提高科研竞争力水平应该从多方面入手。科研竞争力是反映世界一流大学综合实力的重要方面,但也不是唯一的内容;优良的师资、优秀的生源、一流的科研水平以及创新的管理模式能促进科研竞争力水平的提高。从提升科研竞争力的角度来看,中国要建设世界一流大学必须从以下三个方面入手:加大科研投入,提高科研成果转化率,加强交流与合作。虽然当前与哈佛大学、牛津大学和耶鲁大学等名校相比,中国高校还有显著差距,但是,通过“211工程”和“985工程”的建设,中国大学的科研竞争力有了切实提高,且具有一定比较优势,如果能抓住统筹推进世界一流大学建设的契机,加大科研投入,提高高校的科研质量和成果转化,将会有一批大学进入世界一流大学的行列,为经济社会发展贡献更多力量。
[Abstract]:The World Top University and its discipline Competitiveness Evaluation report (2015-2016) issued by the China Science Evaluation and Research Center of Wuhan University lists the top 100 universities in the world as 101-300 top universities in the world. The world's top universities and the world's top universities are called "world-class universities". Among the top 100, they choose Shanghai Jiaotong University and the University of Michigan, and in the top 101-200 universities they choose Nanjing University and Cardiff University. Wuhan University and Israel Institute of Technology were selected to carry out comparative research at home and abroad among the first 201-300 students. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the competitive advantage of Chinese universities in scientific research mainly lies in the high level of scientific research productivity, that is, the total number of published papers is more; The disadvantage lies in the lack of innovation and influence in scientific research, that is, the innovation and quality of scientific research have yet to be improved. The world-class universities have some common features, especially in the fields of talent training and scientific research competitiveness, which can be summed up as first-class teachers, first-class students, first-class scientific research ability and achievements. The development of world-class universities is the result of the combined action of teachers, students, scientific research achievements, management models, etc. In order to improve the level of scientific research competitiveness, we should start from many aspects. Scientific research competitiveness is an important aspect of reflecting the comprehensive strength of world-class universities, but it is not the only content. First-rate scientific research level and innovative management mode can promote the improvement of scientific research competitiveness. From the point of view of enhancing scientific research competitiveness, China must start with the following three aspects to build world-class universities: increasing scientific research investment, Raising the conversion rate of scientific research results, strengthening exchanges and cooperation. Although there is still a significant gap between Chinese universities and famous universities such as Harvard University, Oxford University and Yale University, through the construction of Project 211 and Project 985, The scientific research competitiveness of Chinese universities has been improved in earnest and has certain comparative advantages. If we can seize the opportunity of promoting the construction of world-class universities as a whole, increase the investment in scientific research, and improve the quality of scientific research and the transformation of achievements in colleges and universities, A number of universities will join the ranks of world-class universities and contribute more to economic and social development.
【作者单位】：武汉大学中国科学评价研究中心;武汉大学信息管理学院;
【分类号】：G649.2

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