当前我国大学生择业观教育研宄

发布时间：2018-03-08 13:42

本文选题：大学生　切入点：择业观　出处：《电子科技大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前大学生“就业难”现象较为普遍存在,造成大学生“就业难”的原因是多方面的,比如经济发展下行导致就业岗位不足、人才市场机制不够规范健全、社会公共就业服务体系不够完善、企业用工制度不合理、高校扩招导致毕业生质量下降、就业结构性矛盾突出等。但大学生自身在择业观当中存在的问题是导致大学生“就业难”问题的主观原因,许多时候不是大学生找不到工作,而是他们的择业观存在问题。当前不少文科大学生千军万马挤独木桥式地去报考公务员就体现了“学而优则仕”对择业观的影响根深蒂固,而创业意识和创新精神的缺乏限制了大学生择业渠道的多元化。“就业”是民生之本,也是国家发展之本,为促进大学生充分而顺利就业,必须采取有效措施来教育引导大学生,使他们树立符合自身发展、国家政策要求以及社会发展需要的择业观。虽然目前国内学界关于大学生择业观教育的研究成果数量众多,但现有研究成果在系统性、层次性、条理性、理论性上均有待提高。其中较为突出的问题是,在当前大学生择业观教育研究中缺乏一致性的标准或规范,学者们在研究中往往各行其是,由此难以对研究成果进行合理比较。有鉴于此,本文借鉴了思想政治教育结构理论,结合择业观教育的特殊性,建构起了择业观教育的“目标—主体—客体—方法—环境”分析模式,从目标、主体、客体、方法、环境等五个要素对我国大学生择业观教育进行研究。根据经济发展阶段不同,建国以后的择业观教育可分为三个阶段,分别为计划经济时期、转轨经济时期和市场经济时期的择业观教育,本文依据目标、主体、客体、方法和环境等五要素对上述三个时期的择业观教育进行了概括。就当前我国大学生择业观教育的发展现状来看,经过制定教育目标、确立教育主体、引导教育客体、探索教育方法以及改善教育环境等方面的努力,取得了一些显见成效,教育目标更加合理,教育主体逐渐多元,教育客体积极变化,教育方法渐趋丰富,教育环境不断优化。当前我国在择业观教育当中取得成绩固然值得肯定,当中所存在的问题更值得关注。从党和国家路线方针政策能看出择业观教育在目标、主体、客体、方法、环境等五个要素上的应然要求,与上述应然要求相比,当前我国择业观教育在目标、主体、客体、方法与环境上都存在差距,这就是当前我国择业观教育当中所存在的问题。为改进当前我国择业观教育,必须找到问题的原因方可“对症下药”。本文认为,导致当前我国择业观教育存在问题的原因主要在于以下五个方面。第一,择业观教育目标缺少层次性、长期性、全面性;第二,择业观教育社会主体、高校主体及家庭主体的作用发挥不够;第三,择业观教育客体在择业认知、择业理想、择业价值、择业心理与择业实现上存在问题;第四,择业观教育方法缺少针对性、时代性、综合性;第五,择业观教育环境存在负面影响。鉴于上述原因,为改进我国大学生择业观教育,需要从目标、主体、客体、方法和环境等五个要素入手。第一,设定择业观教育的科学目标。本文根据层次高低、时间跨度和内容维度等三重标准来对目标进行解构。根据层次高低,可以将目标划分为个体目标与社会目标;根据时间跨度,可以将目标划分为远期目标、中期目标和近期目标;根据内容维度,可以将目标划分为思想教育目标、政治教育目标、道德教育目标和心理教育目标。第二,树立择业观教育的社会化主体。依据思想政治教育社会化的基本原则,对择业观教育的应然主体进行了阐释,主要是从社会主体、高校主体、家庭主体等维度来展开分析,并明确了各主体的职责作用。第三,明确择业观教育的客体要求。根据本文对大学生择业观的维度分解即择业认知、择业理想、择业价值、择业心理和择业实现等五个方面,将大学生择业观教育客体要求划分为理性全面的择业认知、崇高合理的择业理想、导向正确的择业价值、积极健康的择业心理以及精详规范的择业实现等五个方面。第四,丰富择业观教育的实施方法。本文主要论述了理论教育与实践教育相结合,集体教育与个性教育相结合,说服教育与示范教育相结合,家庭教育学校教育社会教育相结合,充分利用现代教育手段,“交往式”教育,分层次分类别分阶段教育等七种方法。第五,优化择业观教育的外部环境。择业观教育不仅处在一定环境中且受到环境的影响,同时作为教育者能够主动选择并优化环境。根据从宏观到微观的层次标准,本文依次从社会环境、高校环境、家庭环境等三个方面提出了优化择业观教育环境的对策建议。
[Abstract]:The current college students "difficult employment" phenomenon is more widespread, the cause of the difficult employment of college students is in many aspects, such as economic development downturn led to the lack of jobs, the talent market mechanism is not perfect social norms, the public employment service system is not perfect, the enterprise employment system is not reasonable, the expansion of higher education led to the decline in the quality of graduates, employment structural contradictions outstanding. But the students themselves are the subjective causes of the employment problems of college students in view of the problems of employment, not many students can not find a job, but their view of employment problems. Currently many liberal arts students squeeze bridge to thousands upon thousands of horses and soldiers to apply for civil service reflects the "official" of ingrained influence the concept of career, and entrepreneurial awareness and innovative spirit of the lack of limits of diversified channels of employment. "Employment" is the people's livelihood, is also the national development and the promotion of College Students' full employment, must take effective measures to educate and guide students to establish their own development, in line with national policy requirements, and the employment needs of the social development. Although the current domestic academic research on the number of college students career education of many however, the existing research results in systematic, hierarchical, systematic theory, both need to be improved. The most prominent problem is that, in the current employment outlook of college students lack of standard or consistency of educational research, scholars in the study often it is difficult to study each acts in his own way, the results are reasonable. In view of this. This paper from the ideological and political education theory, combining the particularity of education career, constructs the concept of career education "- subject object method Environmental analysis model, from the target, subject, object, method, environment and so on five elements of education of our college students. According to the stage of economic development is different, can be divided into three stages after the founding of the education career, respectively, during the period of planned economy, the education career transition economy period and market the economic period, on the basis of the target, subject, object, method and environment of the five elements of the three period of the concept of career education is summarized. The current situation of Chinese college students career development education, through develop educational goals, the establishment of the subject of education, education object, explore education methods and improve the educational environment the effort made some obvious results, education is more reasonable, the subject of education gradually diversified, the education object of positive change, education method gradually rich, constantly optimize the education environment when. In China, the concept of career education in which achievement is worthy of affirmation, of which the existence of the problem is more worthy of attention. From the party and state policies can see the concept of career education in the target, subject, object, method, basic requirements of the five elements of environment and so on, should be compared with the above requirements, the current our country employment in view of the education goal, subject, object, method and environment gap exists, this is the current our country employment outlook education problems. In order to improve the current concept of career education, we must find the reason for the problem the problem. This paper argues that, in current our country employment outlook education the problems mainly lie in the following five aspects. First, the concept of career education target is lack of hierarchy, long-term, comprehensive; second, the concept of career education in subject and social subject, the main body of the family is not enough to play the role; third, The concept of career education object in career cognition, career ideal, career value, career choice psychology and problems in its implementation; fourth, the concept of career education methods lack pertinence, the times, comprehensive; fifth, employment has a negative impact on education environment. In view of the above reasons, for the improvement of our college career education, from the target, subject, object, method and environment of the five elements. First, setting career scientific goal education. According to the level, time span and content dimension three standards for the target. According to the level, the target can be divided into individual goals and social goals; according to the time span that goal can be divided into long term goals, medium-term goals and short-term objectives; according to the dimension of content, the target can be divided into Ideological and political education education goal, goal, goal of moral education and psychological education The target. Second, employment socialization education. According to the basic principle of socialization of Ideological and political education, career education ought to be subject to the interpretation, mainly from the social subject, the subject, subject to analyze the family dimension, and clear function. The main third, clear career the object of education. According to the requirements of College Students' view of dimension decomposition is career cognition, career ideal, career value, career psychology and employment to achieve five aspects, the employment outlook of college students education object is divided into rational comprehensive career cognition, career ideal lofty reasonable and correct guidance of career value, positive and healthy choosing five aspects of psychological and fine detail specification to realize the employment. Fourth, rich career implementation method education. This paper mainly discusses the combination of theory and practice of Education Education Together, the combination of collective education and personality education, persuasion and education and demonstration of education combined, the combination of family education, school education and social education, make full use of modern means of education, "communication" of education, seven methods of hierarchical classification and stage of education. Fifth, the optimization of career education of the external environment. The concept of career education not only in a certain environment and influenced by environment, at the same time as educators can take the initiative to select and optimize the environment. According to the standard from macro to micro, this paper from the social environment, campus environment, family environment and so on three aspects put forward the optimization countermeasures and suggestions on education of employment environment.

【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.38

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