近代气象学留学生群体研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 05:05

本文选题：近代　切入点：气象学　出处：《南京信息工程大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近代气象学和物理、化学等诸多学科一样,并不是在本土的知识积累和科技创新的基础上自觉自发形成的,而是通过对西方先进的科学知识的“移植”和传播而不断发展的。在这个过程中,近代气象学留学生发挥了不可替代的作用。他们不仅将西方先进的气象科学引进国内,更积极的利用所学,开展中国独立自主的气象事业,为中国近代乃至现今的气象科学的发展和本土化打下基础。基于此,本文以近代气象学留学生这一特殊群体为研究对象,对近代气象学留学生进行了专门的研究和探讨。首先,本文为廓清本课题的研究范围对“近代气象学留学生”的概念和选择标准进行了阐释,并在此基础上,整理出了《中国近代气象学留学生名录》,对近代竺可桢等38位气象学留学生的出国前、出国中、回国后的多项信息进行统计,这成为本文研究和分析的基础。其次,本文对近代气象学留学生的留学背景进行了细致的统计分析,对该群体在籍贯、性别、学历、留学次数、出国时间和年龄等方面呈现的特点加以总结和阐述,并对近代气象学留学生在选拔过程中的选拔条件和方式以及所受到的资助方式和费用情况进行了统计和比较分析,这些是探讨和梳理近代气象学留学生国外活动和回国贡献的源头。第三,本文对近代气象学留学生的留学过程加以关照,对该群体留学的国家、学校、年限、所获学位等指标进行统计和分析,并突出的关注气象学留学生在国外的学习过程,对学习的课程、研究方向、实习、考察等活动都予以探究。从中可以发现,近代气象学留学生大多留学欧美等气象强国,并师从名师,在留学期间也大多取得重要的研究成果,凸显了近代气象学留学生在气象科学学习和引领上的优势。第四,本文着重对近代气象学留学生归国后的气象活动进行梳理,将该群体在国内气象教育和气象科学研究上所做的探索和贡献加以系统化,理清了近代气象学生在气象学科建立、气象知识教育和气象科学研究上的活动脉络,突出了近代气象学留学生在近代气象科学建立和发展过程中的主导地位。最后,本文对近代气象学留学生之于近代气象科学发展的影响进行分析和论述,阐明该群体对近代气象事业建设、气象教育发展和气象科学研究等方面的突出贡献。从中可以发现,近代气象学留学生无论在气象学发展方向上的引领还是在国内气象事业建设活动中都发挥着主导作用,他们接受了国外先进的气象科学知识和研究理念,更将其付诸教育实践当中,推动了近代中国国内气象教育和气象科学研究的巨大飞跃,为气象科学本土化发展奠定了坚实的基础。通过本文的研究和分析,对近代气象学留学生这一特殊群体的群体特征和群体贡献有了清晰的展现,对近代气象科学研究和留学史研究提供了有益借鉴。
[Abstract]:In modern times, meteorology, physics, chemistry and many other subjects, like many other disciplines, were not formed spontaneously on the basis of local knowledge accumulation and scientific and technological innovation. In this process, the international students of modern meteorology played an irreplaceable role. They not only introduced advanced western meteorological science into the country, To make more active use of what we have learned, to develop China's independent meteorological cause, and to lay a foundation for the development and localization of meteorological science in modern China and even today. Based on this, this paper takes the special group of international students in modern meteorology as the research object. The international students of modern meteorology have been specially studied and discussed. Firstly, in order to clarify the research scope of this subject, this paper explains the concept and selection criteria of "international students in modern meteorology", and on this basis, This paper collates out the Directory of International students in Modern Chinese Meteorology, and makes statistics on the information of 38 overseas students of meteorology such as Zhu Kezhen before, during and after returning from abroad. This has become the basis for the research and analysis of this paper. Secondly, This paper makes a detailed statistical analysis on the background of overseas students studying in modern meteorology, and summarizes and expounds the characteristics of this group in the aspects of origin, sex, educational background, number of times of studying abroad, time and age of going abroad, etc. In addition, the conditions and methods of selecting international students in modern meteorology, as well as the financial aid and expenses received in the selection process, are statistically analyzed and compared. These are the sources of exploring and combing the overseas activities of international students in modern meteorology and their contribution to their return to China. Third, this paper takes care of the process of studying abroad for the overseas students of modern meteorology, and gives attention to the countries, schools, and years of study of this group. Statistics and analysis of such indicators as degrees obtained, and prominent attention to the process of studying abroad by overseas students in meteorology, as well as research on courses, research directions, internships, inspections and other activities, can be found. Most international students in modern meteorology studied in Europe and the United States and other meteorological powers, and studied with famous teachers. During their study abroad, most of them also obtained important research results, which highlighted the advantages of the international students in meteorology in the study and guidance of meteorological science. Fourth, In this paper, the meteorological activities of the overseas students in modern meteorology after returning to China are emphatically combed, the exploration and contribution made by this group in the domestic meteorological education and meteorological science research are systematized, and the establishment of the meteorological discipline for the modern meteorological students is clarified. The operational context of meteorological knowledge education and meteorological scientific research highlights the leading position of international students in modern meteorology in the establishment and development of modern meteorological science. Finally, This paper analyzes and discusses the influence of overseas students in modern meteorology on the development of modern meteorological science, and expounds the outstanding contributions of this group to the construction of modern meteorology, the development of meteorological education and the research of meteorological science. International students in modern meteorology have played a leading role both in the development direction of meteorology and in the domestic meteorological construction activities. They have accepted advanced meteorological scientific knowledge and research ideas from abroad. It has promoted the great leap of meteorological education and meteorological science research in modern China, and laid a solid foundation for the localization development of meteorological science. It has clearly demonstrated the group characteristics and contributions of the special group of overseas students in modern meteorology, and has provided a useful reference for the study of modern meteorological science and the history of studying abroad.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G648.9;P4

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