上海高校学生的创业能力及其培育支持系统的实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 00:27

本文选题：高校学生　切入点：创业能力　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：创业是全社会的热门话题之一,创业活动已成为当今世界经济发展的重要组成部分。经济全球化和知识经济时代的到来给创业提供了良好的外部环境,相关部门相继颁布的创业教育政策给学生创业提供了支持。随着我国高校扩招,大学生就业难问题凸显出来,十八大提出以创业带动就业,大学生自主创业成为新的就业方式。在校大学生是国家培养的高素质创新人才,是潜在的创业主力军。如何培养出具有创业能力的创业者,已成为国家教育政策关注的重点之一和高校创业教育改革的重要内容。基于此背景,本研究将高校学生的创业能力以及培育支持系统作为本研究的主题。通过对以往文献的回顾和分析,发现以往对创业能力的研究多集中在创业能力的理论分析上,包括探讨创业能力的维度构建、描述创业能力现状及提升能力的宏观对策建议等方面,关于创业能力的影响因素的定量研究较少。这与创业能力影响因素的复杂性有关,看似有很多不可控制的因素,如学生背景、支持环境等,从而使得学校创业教育对学生创业能力培育发挥作用的空间看似较小。这就带来了关于学生创业能力的可教性、创业能力培养的可行性等一系列争议。由此,政策提倡与一部分学者对于学校创业教育所发挥作用的怀疑形成了一对矛盾。本研究正是基于这种冲突思考所做的一项实证调查,试图回答学生背景、高校培育系统、企业和政府支持系统对学生创业能力的影响。本研究通过问卷调查法搜集数据,通过描述性统计方法分析上海高校学生创业能力现状和学生参与培育支持系统现状;对不同背景学生的创业能力差异采用单因素方差分析或独立样本T检验;对培育支持系统与学生创业能力的关系采用相关和回归分析,探究了创业能力及各维度能力的主要影响因素。研究发现:第一,上海高校学生对其创业能力的主观评价总体上处于中上水平,不同能力维度的表现水平具有差异性。第二,学生在培育支持系统上参与度的评价结果对其创业能力及能力各维度的表现水平产生的影响不同。第三,学生的背景变量对其创业能力表现的影响较复杂,一部分背景变量产生了显著性影响。论文在一定程度上回答了关于学校创业教育对创业能力影响的质疑,证实了学校创业教育对能力培育的有效性,为高校推进创业教育和培育支持系统建设提供了一定的依据。
[Abstract]:Entrepreneurship is one of the hot topics in the whole society, entrepreneurial activity has become an important part of the world economic development.Economic globalization and the arrival of knowledge economy times provide a good external environment for entrepreneurship, the related departments have promulgated entrepreneurship education policies to provide support for students to start their own businesses.With the expansion of enrollment in colleges and universities in China, the problem of employment difficulties for college students has been highlighted. The 18th National Congress of the CPC proposed that entrepreneurship should be used as a new way of employment for college students to start their own businesses.College students are high-quality innovative talents trained by the country, and potential entrepreneurs.How to cultivate entrepreneurs with entrepreneurial ability has become one of the focus of national education policy and an important content of entrepreneurship education reform in colleges and universities.Based on this background, this study focuses on the entrepreneurship ability and support system of college students.Through the review and analysis of the previous literatures, it is found that the previous researches on entrepreneurial ability are mostly focused on the theoretical analysis of entrepreneurial ability, including exploring the dimensional construction of entrepreneurial ability.There are few quantitative studies on the influencing factors of entrepreneurial ability in such aspects as describing the current situation of entrepreneurial ability and improving the ability of macro countermeasures.This is related to the complexity of the influencing factors of entrepreneurial ability. It seems that there are many uncontrollable factors, such as student background, supporting environment and so on, which makes the space for school entrepreneurship education to play a small role in the cultivation of students' entrepreneurial ability.This has brought about a series of controversies about the teachability of students' entrepreneurial ability and the feasibility of cultivating their entrepreneurial ability.As a result, policy advocacy and some scholars' doubts about the role of school entrepreneurship education form a pair of contradictions.This study is based on this kind of conflict thinking of an empirical survey, trying to answer the impact of students' background, university cultivation system, enterprise and government support system on students' entrepreneurial ability.This study collected data by questionnaire, analyzed the current situation of students' entrepreneurial ability and the current situation of students' participation in cultivating and supporting system by descriptive statistical method in Shanghai.Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) or independent sample T test was used to analyze the difference of entrepreneurial ability of students from different backgrounds, and correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between cultivating support system and students' entrepreneurial ability.It explores the main influencing factors of entrepreneurial ability and each dimension ability.The results show that: first, the subjective evaluation of the entrepreneurial ability of Shanghai college students is generally at the middle and upper level, and the performance level of different ability dimensions is different.Second, the evaluation results of students' participation in fostering support system have different effects on their entrepreneurial ability and performance level of each dimension.Thirdly, the influence of students' background variables on their entrepreneurial performance is complex, and some of the background variables have a significant impact.To a certain extent, the thesis answers the question about the influence of school entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial ability, confirms the effectiveness of school entrepreneurship education on ability cultivation, and provides a certain basis for promoting entrepreneurship education and fostering supporting system construction in colleges and universities.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.38

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