中国高等教育扩张的得与失——围绕国内学术界三大争鸣的政策效应评价

发布时间：2018-04-29 08:28

本文选题：高等教育 + 高校扩招　；参考：《中国人口科学》2017年01期

【摘要】：文章分别从教育发展、社会公平和人口红利3个视角综述了国内学术界关于高等教育扩张政策效应的理论和实证研究,并展示了正反两方各种观点之间的对立与统一。从现有研究的结论来看,扩张政策既可能通过提高教育资源利用效率和促进人才培养多元化推动教育发展,也可能通过降低教育质量和催生过度教育现象损害教育发展。既可能通过促进人力资本积累和推动人口城市化增进人口红利,也可能通过降低人力资本利用效率和加剧人口老龄化减少人口红利。而在扩张政策如何通过影响教育公平和收入不平等进而影响社会公平这一议题上,学界出现了针锋相对的观点。高校扩招是好是坏,得失之间孰轻孰重?目前学界尚未达成共识,但总体而言,学界对高等教育扩张政策效应持负面态度的占优。文章认为,扩张政策既有积极的一面,也有消极的一面,必须一分为二地看待,坚持两点论。
[Abstract]:From the perspectives of educational development, social equity and demographic dividend, this paper summarizes the theoretical and empirical studies on the effect of higher education expansion policy in domestic academic circles, and shows the opposition and unity between the positive and negative views. From the conclusion of the existing research, the expansion policy may not only promote the development of education by improving the utilization efficiency of educational resources and promoting the diversification of talent training, but also damage the development of education by reducing the quality of education and accelerating the phenomenon of over-education. It is possible to increase the demographic dividend by promoting the accumulation of human capital and the urbanization of the population, and also by reducing the efficiency of human capital utilization and increasing the population aging. However, on the issue of how the expansion policy affects education equity and income inequality and then social equity, scholars have come up with tit-for-tat views. College enrollment expansion is good or bad, which is more important between gain and loss? At present, there is no consensus in academic circles, but generally speaking, the negative attitude towards the effect of higher education expansion policy is dominant. The paper holds that the expansion policy has both positive and negative aspects, which must be viewed in two parts and adhere to the two-point theory.
【作者单位】：暨南大学产业经济研究院;
【基金】：广东产业发展与粤港澳台区域合作中心项目“高等教育扩招、人口结构转变与经济社会转型”(编号:52702497)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：G649.2

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