高水平大学本科生科研开展现状与效果研究
发布时间：2018-11-21 20:57
【摘要】：本科生科研源自德国洪堡的"教学与科研相结合"的理念,在美国研究型大学的推动中步入正轨,并逐渐出传播开来,美国研究型大学的本科生科研活动也引起了全球众多国家的学习与借鉴。1998年清华大学引入麻省理工大学的"本科生科研训练计划",标志着本科生科研在我国的发展正式拉开帷幕。截至今日,全国几乎所有高校都开设了本科生科研项目,尤以高水平大学为盛。那么在新的时代背景下,尤其是在当下"双创"工作的号召之下,本科生科研现状与实施效果如何?它又是如何作用于人才培养过程与目标的?这些问题都是本研究关注的重点。针对这些基本问题,本研究首先通过对本科生科研发展历史的梳理,探索了其发展的基本逻辑,分析了其产生原因、基本特征与作用,详细阐述本科生科研对人才培养的直接与间接作用,包括它对本科生的专业知识、科研能力、合作与沟通能力、创新思维、兴趣的与潜能等方面的促进作用。基于文献分析,笔者设计了相关问卷,对上海市四所"985工程"大学进行了本科生科研活动现状与效果的调研,得出的基本结论包括:本科生科研有效地促进了学生创新素质的发展;本科生科研为学生带来的科研实践技能的提升高于专业知识上的收获;本科生科研能够有效地弥补课堂教学的不足;本科生科研能够促进本科生科研兴趣与潜能开发,对其升学或创业有所帮助。当然也存在着一些不足之处,主要问题包括本科生学术基础不够扎实,科研与课程学习相冲突,参与科研的外部动机不足,独立科研与个人创作活力不足等。针对这些问题,笔者也并从制度等方面给出了相应的建议。首先要树立科学的人才培养观念,将本科生科研纳入人才培养体系。其次是建立合理的高校科研体制,为本科生科研提供制度保障。再次是要拓展多元的科研筹资渠道,为本科生科研提供充足资金。最后则是要加大学校的硬件建设,营造良好的科研氛围。
[Abstract]:Undergraduate research originated from Humboldt's idea of "combination of teaching and scientific research". It was put on the right track in the promotion of research universities in the United States, and gradually spread out. The undergraduate research activities of American research universities have also aroused the learning and reference of many countries all over the world. In 1998, Tsinghua University introduced the "undergraduate Research and training Program" of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It marks the development of undergraduate research in China. Up to now, almost all colleges and universities in the country have set up undergraduate research programs, especially high-level universities. So in the new era background, especially under the current "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" work call, undergraduate research status and implementation results? How does it affect the process and goal of talent training? These problems are the focus of this study. In view of these basic problems, this study firstly combs the history of undergraduate scientific research development, explores the basic logic of its development, analyzes its causes, basic characteristics and functions. This paper expounds the direct and indirect effects of undergraduate scientific research on the cultivation of talents, including its promoting effect on undergraduates' professional knowledge, scientific research ability, cooperation and communication ability, innovative thinking, interest and potential, and so on. Based on the literature analysis, the author designed a questionnaire to investigate the current situation and effect of undergraduate scientific research activities in four "Project 985" universities in Shanghai. The basic conclusions are as follows: undergraduate scientific research has effectively promoted the development of students' innovative quality; Undergraduate scientific research can effectively make up for the deficiency of classroom teaching, and the improvement of scientific research practical skills for students is higher than that of professional knowledge, and undergraduate scientific research can effectively make up for the deficiency of classroom teaching. Undergraduate research can promote the development of undergraduate research interest and potential, and help them to study or start a business. Of course, there are some shortcomings, such as the lack of solid academic foundation of undergraduates, the conflict between scientific research and curriculum learning, the lack of external motivation to participate in scientific research, the lack of independent scientific research and personal creativity, and so on. In view of these problems, the author also gives the corresponding suggestions from the system and so on. First of all, we should set up a scientific concept of talent training and bring undergraduate scientific research into the talent training system. The second is to establish a reasonable scientific research system to provide institutional protection for undergraduate scientific research. Third, it is necessary to expand the multiple funding channels for undergraduate research to provide adequate funding. Finally, it is necessary to increase the school's hardware construction, to create a good atmosphere for scientific research.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G642
本文编号：2348240
[Abstract]:Undergraduate research originated from Humboldt's idea of "combination of teaching and scientific research". It was put on the right track in the promotion of research universities in the United States, and gradually spread out. The undergraduate research activities of American research universities have also aroused the learning and reference of many countries all over the world. In 1998, Tsinghua University introduced the "undergraduate Research and training Program" of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It marks the development of undergraduate research in China. Up to now, almost all colleges and universities in the country have set up undergraduate research programs, especially high-level universities. So in the new era background, especially under the current "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" work call, undergraduate research status and implementation results? How does it affect the process and goal of talent training? These problems are the focus of this study. In view of these basic problems, this study firstly combs the history of undergraduate scientific research development, explores the basic logic of its development, analyzes its causes, basic characteristics and functions. This paper expounds the direct and indirect effects of undergraduate scientific research on the cultivation of talents, including its promoting effect on undergraduates' professional knowledge, scientific research ability, cooperation and communication ability, innovative thinking, interest and potential, and so on. Based on the literature analysis, the author designed a questionnaire to investigate the current situation and effect of undergraduate scientific research activities in four "Project 985" universities in Shanghai. The basic conclusions are as follows: undergraduate scientific research has effectively promoted the development of students' innovative quality; Undergraduate scientific research can effectively make up for the deficiency of classroom teaching, and the improvement of scientific research practical skills for students is higher than that of professional knowledge, and undergraduate scientific research can effectively make up for the deficiency of classroom teaching. Undergraduate research can promote the development of undergraduate research interest and potential, and help them to study or start a business. Of course, there are some shortcomings, such as the lack of solid academic foundation of undergraduates, the conflict between scientific research and curriculum learning, the lack of external motivation to participate in scientific research, the lack of independent scientific research and personal creativity, and so on. In view of these problems, the author also gives the corresponding suggestions from the system and so on. First of all, we should set up a scientific concept of talent training and bring undergraduate scientific research into the talent training system. The second is to establish a reasonable scientific research system to provide institutional protection for undergraduate scientific research. Third, it is necessary to expand the multiple funding channels for undergraduate research to provide adequate funding. Finally, it is necessary to increase the school's hardware construction, to create a good atmosphere for scientific research.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G642
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