本科生院是一流本科教育组织模式变革的重要方向

发布时间：2018-11-25 12:17

【摘要】：一流本科教育涉及教学计划与教学内容、教学理念与教学方法等方面,但不可忽视的另一个方面是教育组织模式。本科生院的本质在于去除学生的专业身份束缚,学生学籍不再属于学术性系科而完全属于本科生院以及更小的住宿学院,学生的学号中不再含有院系和专业特征。本科生院的教育组织模式与苏联式专业组织模式相比存在四方面优势:学生可以自由选择专业(转专业概念从根本上去除)、"空"去学生专业身份束缚以促进通识学习和通识教育、组织跨学科专业和专业方向、促进大学内部分工水平的发展而提高教育和科研效率。本科生院的组织模式有助于实现"以学生为中心"的教育理念,将学生由"被塑造者"转变为"积极、自由的学习者"而超越因材施教。中国农业大学、北京大学放开转专业的实践以及西安交通大学本科生院的建立表明本科生院具备可行性,在本质上是一流本科教育组织模式变革的一个重要方向,也是中国由苏联式专业教育组织模式向更先进的教育组织模式转变中逻辑上的一种选择。本科生院组织模式的变革会遇到来自专业院系的强大阻力,存在倒退个案,其变革需要谨慎和较长时间的讨论以取得共识。一流本科教育的建设需要在保守中踏实进步。
[Abstract]:First-rate undergraduate education involves teaching plan and teaching content, teaching idea and teaching method, but another aspect can not be ignored is educational organization model. The essence of undergraduate college is to remove the bondage of students' professional identity. Students' academic status is no longer part of the academic department, but belongs to the undergraduate college and the smaller residential college, and the students' academic number no longer contains the characteristics of department and specialty. The educational organization model of undergraduate college has four advantages compared with the Soviet model of professional organization: students are free to choose their major (the concept of changing majors is fundamentally removed). In order to promote general learning and general education, to organize interdisciplinary professional and professional direction, to promote the development of the level of division of labor within universities, and to improve the efficiency of education and scientific research. The organizational model of undergraduate college is helpful to realize the educational concept of "student-centered", to transform students from "molded" to "active and free learners" and to transcend teaching according to their aptitude. The practice of China Agricultural University, Peking University and the establishment of the undergraduate College of Xi'an Jiaotong University show that the undergraduate college is feasible and is essentially an important direction for the transformation of the first-rate undergraduate education organization model. It is also a logical choice for China to change from Soviet mode of professional education organization to more advanced mode of educational organization. The reform of the organizational model of undergraduate colleges will meet with strong resistance from professional departments, and there are retrogressive cases, which need to be discussed carefully and for a long time in order to reach a consensus. The construction of first-class undergraduate education needs to make steady progress in conservatism.
【作者单位】：北京大学教育学院;
【基金】：教育部国际司国别和区域研究2016—2017年度课题“高等学校专业设置规划与质量保障体系研究”
【分类号】：G642.0

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