经济新常态下我国政府优化大学生就业环境研究

发布时间：2018-12-09 21:38

【摘要】：在全球化金融危机背景下,我国经济发展所面临的外部风险日益显著,在此背景下,党中央对国内外的经济发展趋势迅速做出了准确判断和深刻把握,并提出了适应新常态,引领新常态的基本理念。当前面临的高成本、转型压力、人口红利逐渐消失等问题,都对我国就业形势产生着深刻的影响。本文根据美国经济学学者Arthur M.Okun提出的奥肯定律为理论基础:经济增长率与失业率呈负相关,也就是经济增长率提高的同时失业率下降,就业人数增加;反之,经济增长率下降的同时失业率上升,就业人数减少。数据表明:我国2015年的高校毕业生总人数已经达到749万,较2014年增加22万,大学生结构性失业等就业压力持续加大。李克强总理多次强调,经济增速放缓势必将引起大学生就业难,所以要进一步促进大学生就业、创业,首先要从优化大学生就业环境开始。环境分为自然环境和社会环境两个部分,本文根据环境的属性,认为大学生就业环境隶属于社会环境,再依据环境范围的大小,以及影响大学生就业的各因素,将大学生就业环境构成分为:经济环境、政策环境、就业市场环境和用人单位的观念环境四个部分。经济环境在本文特别指2009年以来,经济新常态对大学生就业影响的总和;政策环境是指大学生就业中政策性影响因素总和;就业市场环境是指就业市场中影响大学生就业的因素总和;用人单位的观念环境是指用人单位对大学生的选择取向。根据中国经济“新常态”的背景、政策导向与长期增长目标,经济新常态的增长速度、增长方式、经济结构、要素配置等,都将对大学生就业环境产生影响,从而使就业岗位新增的数量不确定、大学生技术性失业将成为一个新常态,鼓励和支持大学生创业将是新常态下的就业常态。研究表明,我国当前大学生就业的经济环境中,新增就业岗位减少与结构性失业并存;国家政策方面,基层就业后续政策衔接不上、高校就业指导政策落实不力、供求匹配信息不通等;就业市场环境中,大学生就业竞争激烈、就业服务机制不健全;用人单位环境中,歧视与不公依然存在等。因此,本文将针对上述问题逐一分析原因,并找出对策。开拓大学生就业新渠道等政策的制订刻不容缓、加强宏观调控并大力发展第三产业、调整高等教育结构并完善就业服务机制、落实反就业歧视法等措施,有利于营造良好的大学生就业环境。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the global financial crisis, the external risks facing the economic development of our country are becoming more and more prominent. Under this background, the CPC Central Committee has made an accurate judgment and a profound grasp of the economic development trend at home and abroad, and has proposed to adapt to the new normal. The basic idea of leading the new normal. The current problems such as high cost, pressure of transition and gradual disappearance of demographic dividend have a profound impact on the employment situation of our country. This paper is based on the Okun's law put forward by American economist Arthur M.Okun: the economic growth rate is negatively correlated with the unemployment rate, that is, the unemployment rate decreases while the economic growth rate increases, and the number of employed people increases; Conversely, the economic growth rate drops at the same time the unemployment rate rises, the employment population reduces. The data show that the total number of college graduates in China has reached 7.49 million in 2015, an increase of 220000 compared with 2014, and the employment pressure such as structural unemployment of college students continues to increase. Premier Li Keqiang has repeatedly stressed that a slowdown in economic growth will inevitably cause employment difficulties for college students, so if we want to further promote the employment of college students and start their own businesses, we must first start by optimizing the employment environment for college students. The environment is divided into two parts: natural environment and social environment. According to the attributes of environment, this paper thinks that the employment environment of college students belongs to social environment, and then according to the size of the scope of the environment, as well as the factors that affect the employment of college students. The composition of college students' employment environment is divided into four parts: economic environment, policy environment, employment market environment and the concept environment of employers. The economic environment especially refers to the summation of the economic new normal influence on college students' employment since 2009, and the policy environment refers to the sum of the policy influencing factors in college students' employment. The employment market environment refers to the summation of the factors that affect the employment of college students in the employment market, and the concept environment of the employing unit refers to the choice orientation of the employer to the college students. According to the background of the "new normal" of China's economy, the policy orientation and long-term growth target, the growth rate, the mode of growth, the economic structure, and the allocation of elements of the new normal economy will all have an impact on the employment environment of college students. As a result, the number of new jobs is uncertain, the technical unemployment of college students will become a new normal, and encouraging and supporting college students to start a business will be the employment normal under the new normal. The research shows that in the current economic environment of college students' employment, the decrease of new jobs and structural unemployment coexist; In terms of national policies, the following policies of grass-roots employment are not linked up, the implementation of employment guidance policies in colleges and universities is weak, the matching information between supply and demand is impassable, and so on, in the employment market environment, the employment competition of college students is fierce, and the employment service mechanism is not perfect. In the environment of employer, discrimination and injustice still exist. Therefore, this article will aim at the above question one by one analyzes the reason, and finds out the countermeasure. It is urgent to formulate policies to open up new channels of employment for college students. Measures such as strengthening macro-control and vigorously developing the tertiary industry, adjusting the structure of higher education and perfecting the employment service mechanism, implementing the Anti-Employment Discrimination Law, etc. It is conducive to creating a good employment environment for college students.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.38

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