多中心治理视角下高校内部权力运行机制优化研究

发布时间：2018-12-10 12:33

【摘要】：在市场经济高度发达的今天,社会需要大量接受高等教育的人才,这对高校的人才培养工作提出了很高的要求。党和政府提出要建设世界一流大学和一流学科,提升我国高等教育水平。改革开放以来,我国高校的体制改革一直在探索进行,取得一定的成就,但是还没有达到人们的期望。高校内部权力结构对高校的管理有很大的影响,现代大学制度下行政、学术二元权力结构,我国高校内部存在着行政权力过于强势的情况,压制了学术权力的发挥。我国高校内部存在四种权力,分别是政治权力、行政权力、学术权力和民主权力,与此对应的权力主体分别是党委、校长、教授和教职工代表大会。四种权力同时运转,相互间的碰撞和冲突在所难免,这就给管理带来了很大的难度。政治权力越界的情况下,对校长以及校委会的行政权力形成干扰,;行政权力压制学术权力和民主权力,影响大学学术权力的有效发挥;学术权力错位影响党的领导,方针政策的贯彻,造成组织涣散;民主权力过分扩大,会影响行政权力的效率,增大运行成本。我国公办高校由政府出资兴办,属于事业单位,传统上的管理体制受政府管理体制影响很大,行政权力比较强势,缺少必要的监督与制约,权力运行机制长期非制度化运行。在现今高等教育改革的大背景下,探讨高校内部权力运行机制这一问题,实践上面临既定格局的挑战,同时缺乏行之有效的理论指导。目前国内关于高校权力的研究,更多的是对失衡的学术、行政二元权力结构的纠偏,意在提升学术权力的权重,从而使二者协调运转,形成机制。这个研究方向本身对于政治权力和民主权力在高校中的地位和影响有所忽视,党委领导下的校长负责制是我们党对高等学校领导的根本制度,是高等学校坚持社会主义办学方向的重要保证,民主管理是这一制度的重要内容。本文主要分为四个部分。第一部分从现今高校改革的时代背景出发,明确高校权力运行机制建设的重要性和意义。同时梳理国内外对此问题的研究现状,明晰高校权力的理论基础。对本文的理论工具多中心治理理论在此进行了详细论述,为下文展开论述做铺垫。第二部分主要对我国高校内部权力运行机制的现状以及存在的问题进行分析。当前的高校权力结构从制度构建上有其科学性,但是在现实运转的过程中存在一些难以克服的问题,同时随着时代的发展制度构建也需要与时俱进。第三部分主要是把目光放在现代大学制度起源的西方,详细发掘英美高校的内部权力结构,以期从中发现一般性规律,为我们的改革提供借鉴。第四部分以多中心治理理论为路径,提出一套建设性的方案,为我国高校内部权力运行机制的优化提供支持。
[Abstract]:In today's highly developed market economy, the society needs a large number of talents who receive higher education, which puts forward a very high demand for the cultivation of talents in colleges and universities. The Party and government propose to build world-class universities and disciplines to improve the level of higher education in China. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, the institutional reform of colleges and universities in China has been exploring and has made some achievements, but it has not yet met the expectations of people. The internal power structure of colleges and universities has a great influence on the management of colleges and universities. Under the modern university system, the administrative and academic dualistic power structure exists in our country's colleges and universities, which is too strong and suppresses the exertion of academic power. There are four kinds of power in colleges and universities in our country, they are political power, administrative power, academic power and democratic power. The corresponding power subjects are the Congress of Party committee, president, professor and faculty respectively. The four kinds of power run at the same time, the collision and conflict between each other is inevitable, which brings great difficulty to management. When the political power crosses the boundary, it interferes with the executive power of the president and the school committee, the administrative power suppresses the academic power and the democratic power, and affects the effective exertion of the university academic power. The misalignment of academic power affects the leadership of the Party and the implementation of the principles and policies, resulting in a loose organization, and the excessive expansion of democratic power will affect the efficiency of the administrative power and increase the operating cost. Public colleges and universities in China are funded by the government and belong to public institutions. The traditional management system is greatly influenced by the government management system, the administrative power is relatively strong, the necessary supervision and restriction are lacking, and the power operation mechanism is not institutionalized for a long time. Under the background of the reform of higher education nowadays, it is facing the challenge of the established pattern in practice to probe into the running mechanism of the internal power in colleges and universities, and at the same time, it lacks effective theoretical guidance. At present, the domestic research on university power is more about correcting the imbalance of academic and administrative dualistic power structure, in order to enhance the weight of academic power, so as to make the two operate harmoniously and form a mechanism. This research direction itself ignores the position and influence of political power and democratic power in colleges and universities. The system of president responsibility under the leadership of party committees is the fundamental system of our party's leadership over institutions of higher learning. It is an important guarantee for colleges and universities to adhere to the socialist direction of running a school, and democratic management is an important part of this system. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part makes clear the importance and significance of the construction of university power operation mechanism from the background of the current university reform. At the same time, combing the domestic and foreign research on this issue, clarify the theoretical basis of university power. This paper discusses the theory of polycentric governance in detail, which paves the way for the following discussion. The second part mainly analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the internal power operation mechanism in colleges and universities in China. The current power structure of colleges and universities is scientific in terms of system construction, but there are some insurmountable problems in the process of practical operation, and at the same time, with the development of the times, the system construction also needs to keep pace with the times. The third part mainly focuses on the western countries where the modern university system originated, and explores the internal power structure of British and American universities in detail, in order to find out the general law and provide reference for our reform. The fourth part takes the theory of multi-center governance as the path and puts forward a set of constructive scheme to support the optimization of the internal power operation mechanism in colleges and universities in our country.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G647

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