论德美两国学术自由的宪法解释

发布时间：2019-08-24 11:44

【摘要】：德国与美国学术自由的宪法解释,都遵循国家监督、大学自治与师生权利保护动态制衡的演进逻辑,彰显出大学哲学内涵法律化的历程。嵌入社会变迁的学术自由宪法解释,呈现出学术自由与外部干预的紧张关系。一方面,它不可避免地忽视高等教育场域的复杂性与特殊性,使公立高等学校治理面临"泛行政化"与"过度市场化"的潜在风险;另一方面,它又试图保护师生的学术自由,避免其遭受不当干预乃至"结构性危险"。当然,宪法解释对潜在风险的规避是有限度的,高等教育的过度法律化可能使学术自由和大学自治的经典价值丧失。守护学术自由的功能,应更多由学术权威建构的大学自治秩序和专业社会团体培育的行业秩序来担负。
[Abstract]:The constitutional interpretation of academic freedom in Germany and the United States follows the evolution logic of national supervision, university autonomy and dynamic checks and balances on the protection of the rights of teachers and students, which shows the course of legalization of the connotation of university philosophy. The constitutional interpretation of academic freedom embedded in social change shows the tense relationship between academic freedom and external intervention. On the one hand, it inevitably ignores the complexity and particularity of the higher education field, which makes the governance of public institutions of higher learning face the potential risks of "pan-administration" and "excessive marketization"; on the other hand, it tries to protect the academic freedom of teachers and students from improper intervention and even "structural danger". Of course, there are limits to the circumvention of potential risks in constitutional interpretation, and the excessive legalization of higher education may result in the loss of the classical value of academic freedom and university autonomy. The function of safeguarding academic freedom should be borne more by the order of university autonomy constructed by academic authority and the order of industry cultivated by professional social groups.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学教育学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年项目“从他组织到自组织:研究型大学协同创新网络演化机理及其政策激励研究”[71503230]
【分类号】：G647

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