中国公办高等教育资源配置中的市场与政府职能

  本文关键词：中国公办高等教育资源配置中的市场与政府职能，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

中国公办高等教育资源配置中的市场与政府职能

中国公办高等教育资源配置中的市场与政府职能

尽管我国高等教育的发展取得了长足的进步，但是在许多方面还没有摆脱计划经济体制下的运行与管理模式，这使得高等教育发展面临困境。计划配置高等教育资源的低效率已成为制约高等教育发展的重要因素之一。在社会主义市场经济这一大环境下，如何高效、合理地配置社会提供给高等教育的资源，成为一个亟待解决的不足。 高等教育产品既不属于“公共产品”，也不属于“私人产品”，而是介于这两者间的“准公共产品”，一方面居民对高等教育的消费具有竞争性，而且在供给上易于排除，具有“私人产品”的特点，但另一方面教育提供的服务明显具有正的外部性，除受教育者受益外，社会也可获益，又具有“公共产品”的特点。作为“私人产品”，市场可以有效提供，其供求与资源配置可以由市场调节。而作为“公共产品”，市场不能有效提供，其供求与市场配置不能由市场调节，需要政府通过计划调节。作为“准公共产品”的高等教育，由于它兼有两种产品的特点，因而需要由政府和市场共同提供，其资源配置需要由政府和市场共同来完成。 高等教育资源的配置中引入市场机制，这是高等教育产品的性质决定的，也是高等教育发展的必定要求，同时，高等教育资源市场配置也是公共管理革新的必定方向。传统单独的计划模式已不能高效、优化配置高等教育资源，如何转变政府职能，树立崭新的高等教育机制，实现高等教育资源的优化配置，从而实现高等教育跨越式的发展，是摆在我们从事公共管理研究者面前的一个深刻不足。西方的新公共管理思想给了我们很多的启发，，实行市场化革新，引入市场机制已成为高等教育革新的必定选择。计划不是万能的，正如市场不是万能的一样，我们必须引入市场机制，加大政府职能转变，克服计划在高等教育资源配置中的弊端，才能最大限度地发挥高等教育资源的作用。 在高等教育资源市场化配置中，一方面要完善和健全高等教育市场机制；建立健全人力资源市场，建立教师与高等学校之间平等的市场主体关系；建立与市场经济相适应的高等教育办学资金多硕博在线论文网机制；加快高等学校管理体制革新，继续深化高校用人制度、校内分配制度、后勤社会化革新。另一方面高等教育资源配置引进市场机制，关键是要理顺市场、政府和学校三者之间的关系，合理确定各自的地位和作用，尤其是要恰当定位政府的角色，配置政府的职能。通过建立系统的高等教育评估体系，加强绩效评估，建立可行的激励机制，实现高等教育资源的优化配置。

【Abstract】 Although the higher education has progress in our country, it has not broke away from the modal of function and management under the planned economy systems, which made the higher education faces difficult position, the low efficiency on higher education resource by planned scheme has been the one of impotent factors which restrict the higher education development. Under environment of social marketing economy, it has been an question enquiring for soon solved that how to allocation the resource of higher education provide by society efficiently and reasonablyThe higher education goods neither "public goods", nor "private goods", it is a kind of "quasi-pubic goods" between this two, on one hand, residence consume on higher education has rivalries, it is also easier to exclude, it has the character of "private goods". On the other hand, the service by education obviously has right externalities, not only the education receiver’s benefited, but also the society. It has the character of "public goods". As "private goods", market could provide efficiently, and it’s supply and demand and resource can be regulated by market. But as "public goods", market could not provide efficiently, it’s supply and demand and resource can not be regulated by market, and it needs government by planned regulated .as "quasi-pubic goods", it has the characters of two goods, and it’s resource deposal need the government and markets accomplish together.The market system introduced to the allocation of higher education resource, which is determined by the nature of higher education goods, also the inevitable demand of higher education development; meanwhile, market allocation of higher education is also the inevitable direction of public management reform. Traditional and single planned striation can’t dispose higher education resource efficiently and fine, it is a deep question in front of our researchers on public management that how to change government function, establish new higher education system, realize the fine allocation of higher education resource, so that realize thespanning development of higher education. The newly western public management though gave us much enlightenment that carry out social reform and introduce market. Plan is not omnificent, just as market, we must introduce market system, increase the change of government function and overcome the abuse by market, so that we can exert the function of higher education resource to our greatest limit.In the market allocation of higher education resource, on one hand, it need perfect the marketing system of higher education. Establish labor recourse market. Set up the equal and marketing principal peal relations between the teachers and advanced schools, establish the multi system of capital fitting in with marketing economy, speed up the management system of advanced schools and continue to deepen labor using system, distributive form and logistic reform socializing in advance schools. On the other hand, the key point is to harmonistic the relations among market, government and school, confirm each position and function. In particular, to locate rightly the government’s role and change the government function. Through establish the systematic evaluating system of higher education, evaluate the achievement and efficacy and establish practical inspiring system, so that we could realize the efficient and fine allocation if higher education resource.

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  本文关键词：中国公办高等教育资源配置中的市场与政府职能，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。