汉语自闭症幼儿语言发展和交流的个案研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 15:34

本文关键词：汉语自闭症幼儿语言发展和交流的个案研究　出处：《华东师范大学》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 语言障碍是诊断自闭症的核心症状之一,所有自闭症患者在这一领域都存在明显的滞后和障碍现象。有关自闭症儿童语言特征与语言障碍本质的研究,在过去的几十年内日益受到研究者们的关注,获得了大量的研究成果。但是,有关汉语自闭症儿童的语言发展和交流障碍问题,至目前鲜有研究涉及。而且现有的研究,也缺乏系统思想统筹下的立体图景式研究:即发展中的各范畴之间的相互影响研究,生活实际场景当中的概貌、质量、环境的交互影响研究。本研究为平行个案跟踪研究,通过语言成长模型研究、语言运用质量研究、语言运用交互平台研究三个块面,对4位汉语自闭症幼儿的语言发展和交流进行了研究。语言资料的收集分别来自:对4位汉语自闭症幼儿及其配对普通幼儿长达18个月的亲子互动摄像,2个小时的幼儿园摄像、半个小时的陌生人言语互动摄像,以及对他们家庭主要成员的访谈、座谈录音;对其中1位汉语自闭症幼儿在融合幼儿园非正式课程时间言语互动进行的40天的跟踪观察笔录。本研究兼具预测性和描述性的研究目的,采用了量化和质化多种研究方法相结合的研究方法。三个块面的研究结果分别是: 汉语自闭症幼儿语言成长模型的研究结果揭示,在亲子言语互动中,与配对普通幼儿相比,自闭症幼儿显示出不同的语言成长模型。图景显示出各语言范畴的不平衡、发展显示出各语言范畴的不同步、汉语自闭症幼儿的语言发展与交流的个体差异大。具体表现为:语法为相对弱势,四位个案均表现出这样的状况;交流行为为相对优势,四位个案均表现出这样的状况;语义水平变化大,显示语义有可能是受到发展或环境影响较大的范畴;功能性言语比例既不与语法、语义发展相一致,也不与言语行为发展相一致,显示出汉语自闭症幼儿语言形式,运用与功能之间的脱节;个体差异较大,更表现出范畴之间不平衡性的复杂性。第二块面汉语自闭症幼儿语言运用质量的研究是对成长模型研究的进一步深入探讨,即在语言的会话场景语料当中,具体地深入了解汉语自闭症幼儿语言的实效状况,并对成长模型的形成原因做出解释。研究发现,汉语自闭症幼儿交流行为种类在成长模型研究当中表现出的相对优势,在深入的具体类型使用研究中却呈现出受限,异常运用的问题,可能与汉语自闭症幼儿语言运用的质量低下有关。而会话类型的研究,更深入地揭示了汉语自闭症幼儿语言形式,运用与功能之间的不平衡。深入的原因探究主要是通过对每位个案具体的语言运用现象的分析完成的。研究发现:语言形式的习得,语言操作以及语言的信息及交际运用,是共同决定汉语自闭症幼儿语言概貌特征的原因。它们之间呈相互影响相互制约的关系。同时,它们之间的影响不是均一的,存在主要影响与次要影响之分。语言的操作指向是否是分享指向型以及语言形式的习得类型是否是应用型习得类型,是影响汉语自闭症幼儿整体语言运用质量的两个主要因素;而其中操作指向又直接影响习得类型,它是影响汉语自闭症幼儿语言运用质量的核心因素。第三块面汉语自闭症幼儿的语言运用交互研究部分,以逐步推进的研究向我们展示了,汉语自闭症幼儿可以有非常好的同伴关系,而且可以在一个集体当中成为同伴关系的核心。在自闭症幼儿个案与其亲密同伴的语用交互平台上,产生了真实的、明显的语言影响。进一步的深入研究表明,关系场景是汉语自闭症幼儿语言发展和交流的重要方面,关系场景的相应特性会对汉语自闭症幼儿的语言发展与交流产生相应的影响。具体表现为:汉语自闭症幼儿在交互当中所受到的语言影响,与其交互指向有直接的关系,而交互指向则与关系平台以及语言鹰架有关。但是,交互对象能够提供较好的语言鹰架固然重要,但其发挥作用的前提是关系平台的形成,即关系平台在汉语自闭症幼儿的语言交互当中扮演了基础的支撑性角色,而关系平台自身能否形成的关键在于:交互对象能否满足其交互需求特征,比如,“兴趣相似”“能力互补”“性格互补”等等。三大块面的研究内容相辅相承,研究结论能够相互支持验证。一方面,本研究指出了汉语自闭症幼儿语言发展与交流的一些特定性障碍,另一方面,本研究揭示了汉语自闭症幼儿语言发展与交流的可塑性。
[Abstract]:The language barrier is one of the core symptoms of autism diagnosis, all patients with autism in this field have obvious lag and disorder phenomenon. Research on essence of children with language features and language impairments in autism, in the past few decades has been the focus of researchers, and got a lot of research results. However, the development of language and communication disorders in Chinese children with autism, and there are few studies involved. But the existing research, but also the lack of three-dimensional picture research under the guidance of systematic ideology: between each category in the development of the mutual influence of landscape, real life scene quality, interactive effect of environment.
This study followed the parallel case, the language model of growth, the quality of language use, interactive platform to study three aspects of language use, 4 Chinese autistic children's language development and communication are studied. The language data collected from 4 Chinese young children with autism and matched for ordinary children the parent-child interaction 18 months of video, 2 hours of kindergarten video, stranger speech interaction for half an hour on the main camera, as well as their family members interview, discussion recording; of which 1 Chinese young children with autism in the 40 day record tracking observation of combination of kindergarten curriculum time for informal verbal interaction. This study has both objective to study predictive and descriptive research method, using quantitative and qualitative methods combined.
The results of the three block surfaces are as follows:
The study of Chinese autistic children's language development model results reveal that in the parent-child interaction, compared with the controls children, children with autism show a different language. Picture shows the growth model to balance the language category, development shows synchronous language category, individual differences in language development and communication of Chinese autism the children of the specific performance: grammar is relatively weak, four cases showed such a situation; exchange behavior for relative advantage, four case showed this situation; semantic level changes, semantic display may have been under development or environmental impact category; functional language is the proportion of with the consistent development of grammar, semantics, development is not consistent with the speech act, showing Chinese autistic children's language form, the gap between use and function; individual differences, more performance The complexity of the imbalances between categories.
Second blocks in Chinese autistic children's language quality research is to explore the further growth of the study model, namely in the conversation scene corpus of language, specifically understand the effectiveness of Chinese autistic children's language, and the causes for the formation of growth model of interpretation. The study found that Chinese autism showed relative advantage the exchange behavior of preschool children in species in the growth model of the study on specific types of intensive use of research has showed limited use, abnormal, and Chinese autistic children's language development. The conversation type study, deeply reveals Chinese autistic children's language forms, imbalance between use and function. Deep reason is mainly completed through the analysis of each case specific language phenomenon. The study found that: the form of language learning Well, the language operation and language information and communication application, is a common reason in Chinese autistic children's language features. They are the mutual influence relationship. At the same time, the impact of them is not uniform, and mainly affect the secondary effects of the points. The use of language is to share is to type and the form of language acquisition is the type of application type acquisition type, is the impact of Chinese autistic children's language use the overall quality of the two main factors; which directly affects the operation point acquisition type, it is the influence of Chinese language quality of the core factors of autism in children.
Some language interaction study of third block Chinese young children with autism, to study step by step to show us, Chinese young children with autism may have a very good relationship, but also can become the core of peer relationships in a collective. Pragmatic interaction platform of autistic children in a case with intimate partners. The real and language influence obviously. Further research shows that the relationship scene is an important aspect of Chinese autistic children's language development and communication, the corresponding characteristics of the scene corresponding impact on language development and communication of Chinese young children with autism. Specific performance: the influence of language by Chinese young children with autism in the interaction of a direct relationship with interactive direction, and interactive direction is related to relationship between platform and language scaffolding. However, interactive objects can provide better The language scaffolding is important, but its role is the premise of the formation of relationship platform, namely the relationship between the platform of children with autism in the Chinese language interaction plays a supportive role in the foundation, and the key to the formation of the relationship between the platform itself can interactive object can satisfy the needs of interaction characteristics, for example, "similar interests" "the complementary capabilities" and "complementary character" and so on.
Three parts of research contents. The research conclusion can support each other to verify. On the one hand, this study points out some specific obstacles of Chinese autistic children's language development and communication, on the other hand, this study reveals the plasticity of Chinese autistic children's language development and communication.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：G613.2;B844.2

【引证文献】