青少年休闲性身体活动动机研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 17:22

本文关键词：青少年休闲性身体活动动机研究　出处：《东北师范大学》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 规律地参与休闲性身体活动会给青少年带来许多生理上的和心理上的健康益处。然而大量的研究表明,青少年参与休闲性身体活动的行为程度正在逐年下降,网络成瘾、迷恋电视等久坐行为程度却急剧增多,严重地威胁着青少年的身心健康。本研究从发展心理学的视角,在对相关动机理论系统地梳理后,调查研究了我国青少年休闲性身体活动动机的整体状况,并深入分析当前我国青少年休闲性身体活动动机的特点,发展性规律及相关的影响因素等问题。整个调查研究共四大部分: 研究一,结合青少年实际情况,对国外身体活动动机类型测量的部分内容进行了本土化的修订,新增动机强度部分以弥补当前青少年休闲性身体活动动机测量工具之不足。研究二,为了全面、准确地了解青少年休闲性身体活动动机的整体状况及发展趋势,利用研究一中编制的“青少年休闲性身体活动动机测量问卷”对吉林省三所初中、两所高中从初中一年级到高中二年级共1482名学生的休闲性身体活动动机进行测量,并且深入分析了年龄、性别和学校类型之间的差异问题。研究三,跨理论模型把人的行为改变过程分为前思阶段、思考阶段、准备阶段、行动阶段和保持阶段五个主要行为改变阶段。本研究首先对青少年所处行动改变阶段的分布状况进行调查研究,了解青少年整体的、不同年级的以及不同性别的改变阶段的分布状况。在此基础之上,对处于不同改变阶段的青少年休闲性身体活动参与动机的特点进行进一步的分析。研究四,在以有的青少年休闲性身体活动动机影响因素研究中,少有强调参与者的内部因素,更多集中于外部的因素的零散研究。本研究根据Deci等人在自我决定理论中提出的三种基本需求,依据我国青少年参与休闲性身体活动以及学习生活的实际情况,把影响青少年参与休闲性身体活动动机类型和动机强度的因素主要分为个体因素、家庭因素和学校因素三个方面。系统地研究三方面的因素对青少年参与休闲性身体活动动机的影响。本研究取得一些研究结论: 1.采用验证性因素分析的方法对“青少年休闲性身体活动动机测量问卷”中动机类型和动机强度分量表的结构效度进行验证,结果说明两个分量表具有较好的结构效度。另外,研究还考察了两个分量表中各维度的内部一致性信度,均达到了可接受的水平,说明该问卷是有效可信的测量工具。 2.在青少年身体活动动机的发展现状研究中发现,以年级为自变量,动机类型为因变量的因素分析中,几乎所有的动机类型呈“M”型。随年级的增长青少年休闲性身体活动参与动机强度呈明显的下降趋势,克服困难的程度下降的趋势尤为突出,初三至高一的主动程度虽然有小幅回升但幅度不很明显,主动程度的整体下降趋势相对明显。 3.初中生无论在每个动机类型上或是每个动机强度上的得分均高于高中生,即初中生参与休闲性的身体活动动机的整体状况优于高中生;不论是初中生还是高中生男生参与休闲性的身体活动动机的整体状况优于女生;无论是动机类型或是动机强度的得分上,重点学校均高于非重点学校,但差异非显著性。 4.处于不同改变阶段的人数呈现出两头低、中间高的倒“U”型曲线。从整体分布状况上看,处于前思和保持阶段上的青少年人数相对较少,更多的人处在改变阶段中的思考、准备和行动阶段。男生更多分布在行动阶段和保持阶段,而女生则更多地分布在前思阶段、思考阶段和准备阶段。年级越低,处于高级改变阶段的人越多。 5.不论是参与动机的类型还是参与动机的强度,均随改变阶段的升高而增长,而且处于不同改变阶段内青少年的动机整体状况的差异是显著的。 6.个体因素、父母因素和学校因素均会对青少年参与休闲性身体活动动机产生影响,其中来自父母的自主性支持感知、运动能力的自我感知和父母的期望最为明显。另外,学习压力在很大程度上限制青少年参与休闲性身体活动动机的整体水平。
[Abstract]:Regular participation in leisure time physical activity will bring the adolescents health benefits many physiological and psychological. However a large number of studies show that the behaviour of young people to participate in leisure time physical activity is decreased year by year, Internet addiction, obsessed with sedentary behavior such as TV has increased sharply, a serious threat to the physical and mental health of young people. Study from the perspective of developmental psychology in the relevant motivation theory systematically, overall investigation of adolescents leisure time physical activity motivation of Chinese characteristics, and in-depth analysis of the current our country youth motivation in leisure time physical activity, the problem of law of development and the related influencing factors. The investigation is four most:
In the first part, according to the actual situation of adolescents, we revised the contents of physical activity types abroad, and added some new motivational intensity to make up for the lack of measuring tools for teenagers' leisure physical activity motivation.
In order to study two, comprehensive, accurate understanding of the overall situation and development trend of adolescents leisure time physical activity motivation, the study in preparation of the "youth motivation in leisure time physical activity questionnaire" in Jilin Province, three junior middle schools, two high schools from the first grade to junior high in the second grade 1482 students in leisure physical activity motivation measure, and in-depth analysis of the difference between the age, gender and school type.
In study three, the transtheoretical model of change of human behavior is divided into pre thinking stage, on stage, preparation stage, five main phase of the operation and maintenance phase change stage. Firstly, the action of juvenile change distribution of the phase of the investigation, the solution of the overall distribution of teenagers, different grades and the gender change stage. On this basis, further analysis in different stages of the adolescents leisure time physical activity participation motivation characteristics.
Study on the four factors in the study with some adolescents leisure time physical activity motivation, less emphasis on internal factors of the participants, scattered research focus more on external factors. The study by Deci et al in self determined three basic theory put forward by the demand, on the basis of our young people to participate in leisure time physical activities and learning life the actual situation, the influence factors of adolescents leisure time physical activity motivation and motivation intensity is mainly divided into three aspects: individual factors, family factors and school factors. The three factors influence on Teenagers' participation in leisure time physical activity motivation system.
Some research conclusions are obtained in this study.
1. using confirmatory factor analysis to verify the structure validity of adolescent motivation in leisure time physical activity questionnaire "motivation types and motivation intensity scale, the result shows that the two subscales have good structural validity. In addition, the study also examines two dimensions of sub scale of internal consistency reliability, have reached an acceptable level, indicating that the questionnaire is reliable and effective measurement tool.
Found that 2. of adolescents' physical activity motivation research and development status, to grade as independent variables for analysis of variable types of motivation factors, almost all types of motivation is "M". With the increase of grade adolescents leisure time physical activity participation motivation intensity showed a downward trend, overcome the difficulty degree of decline especially, a high grade active degree despite a small rebound, but the magnitude is not very obvious, the overall degree of active decline was relatively obvious.
3. junior high school students in each types of motivation or each motivation intensity scores were higher than senior high school students, high school is better than the overall situation of junior high school students to participate in leisure time physical activity motivation is better than female students; regardless of overall situation of junior high school boys to participate in leisure time physical activity motivation; both types of motivation or is the motivation intensity scores were higher than those in non key schools, focusing on schools, but the difference was non significant.
4. is the number of different stages of change has shown both low and high in the middle of the inverted "U" curve. From the distribution of the overall point of view, in a pre thought and keep the number of young people on the stage is relatively less, more and more people are thinking about a change in the stage of preparation, and action stage. There are more boys in the action stage and distribution keep the stage, while girls are more distributed in the former thinking stage, the stage of thinking and preparation stage. The lower grade, the more people in advanced stages of change.
5., no matter the type of participation motivation or the intensity of participation motivation, they all increased with the increase of the stage of change, and the overall situation of adolescents' motivation in different stages of change is significant.
6. individual factors, parental factors and school factors will influence on the young people to participate in leisure time physical activity motivation, autonomy support from parents perception, ability to exercise self perception and expectation of parents is the most obvious. In addition, the pressure of learning in the overall level largely for adolescents to participate in leisure time physical activity motivation.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：G455

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