中美教师评价的比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 12:01

本文选题：评价 + 教师评价　；参考：《华东师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 教育质量的高低取决于教师,如何建立一支庞大、专业、高质量的教师队伍成为各国教育界关注的焦点。教师评价不仅是为了保证教师的教学质量,还要促使教师自身得到专业成长和发展;教师评价不仅是为了发现杰出教师,更重要的是让教师了解自己的强项和弱点,促进教师专业素质提高。合理的教师评价体系应该是一个连续、系统的过程,评价目的不仅要为人事安排和奖惩提供依据,还要帮助实现教师专业发展,提升学校效能。教师评价中,我们应该克服以权力代专业,以管理代评价的弊端,保证教师的专业尊严和专业自治。教师评价理论建立在哲学、心理学、教育学、管理学、教育测量学、教育统计学与系统科学等学科的基础上,为教师评价活动提供理论指南。人本理论、后现代主义以及管理学都对教师评价理论产生了深远的影响。教师评价应该“以人为本”,强调教师评价环境和人性化评价,使教师评价真正成为通过教师主体、为了教师主体和在教师主体间进行的一种精神交流和对话过程。教师评价应关注教师素质的形成与提高,关注人的发展、培养健全的人格为目的,努力实行以人为出发点的教育价值观。以教师专业发展为前提的教师评价,需要专门的机构或组织和专业人员。教育评价者必须建立以诚信、相互尊重、积极主动的协作解决问题为特点的组织氛围,只要这样,教育实践才会释放出巨大的能量,教育者们能合作解决复杂问题,共同成长,从而实现教育的最终目标,促进学生的身心发展与进步。美国在反思传统教育弊端的基础上,提出了新的教师评价理念。新的评价理念认为,有效的教师评价应该是保证教育教学质量与教师的专业发展相结合的完美典范。这样的评价体系不仅仅是对教师工作的评判,更重要的是为促进教师的成长和提高教学水平服务,以达到提高学生学习成绩的目的。在教师评价中体现人文精神,区分性对待不同阶段的教师。教师评价标准是教师评价的基石,一系列清晰、明确的评价标准是实施成功教师评价的基础。随着教师评价方式和评价制度的不断演化,教师评价标准也逐渐发生变化。教师评价从界定一套“好教师”的标准开始,并且都要以对个体教师做出整体定性判断结束。标准本身也是不断修订和完善的过程,逐步渗透了教学理念和教育方法,不同的评估指标和标准可以用来评价不同发展阶段的教师。教师的评价标准应该吸取外部的先进的教育教学理念,通过标准制定中量和质、粗和细、基础和创新等方面的合理取舍,体现教育目标和教育机构的愿景。借鉴美国比较成熟的教师评价标准,我们应该通过健全的教师资格标准,严把教师进入的关口,优化教师队伍,提高教师队伍的整体素质;通过不断完善的教师能力标准,提高教师的职业特点,引领教师的专业化发展,培养具有反思能力的教育研究者;通过区分性的教师评价标准,正确评价处于不同发展时期的教师,保证教师的人格尊严,形成教师的专业风格,成为专家型教师。这些内容依次在本文的第五、六、七章中展开论述。教师评价是我国广大教育工作者广泛关注的领域,通过教师评价提高教师教学质量日渐成为大家的共识。分析借鉴国外的成功经验,无疑对我国建立科学和切实可行的发展性教师评价体系有着重要的意义。
[Abstract]:The quality of education depends on the teachers. How to establish a large, professional and high quality teacher has become the focus of education in all countries. The evaluation of teachers is not only to ensure the quality of teaching, but also to promote the development and development of the teachers themselves. The evaluation of teachers is not only to find outstanding teachers, but also more important. Let teachers understand their strengths and weaknesses, and promote their professional quality.
Reasonable teacher evaluation system should be a continuous and systematic process. The purpose of evaluation is not only to provide basis for personnel arrangements and rewards and punishments, but also to help realize the professional development of teachers and improve school effectiveness. In teacher evaluation, we should overcome the abuse of power generation and management evaluation, so as to guarantee the professional dignity and professional self of teachers. Cure.
The theory of teacher evaluation is established on the basis of philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, management, education surveying, education statistics and system science, and provides a theoretical guide for teachers' evaluation activities. The theory of humanism, postmodernism and management have a profound influence on the theory of teacher evaluation. Teacher evaluation should be "people first" It emphasizes that teachers' evaluation of environment and human nature makes teacher evaluation truly become a process of spiritual communication and dialogue between teachers and teachers. Teacher evaluation should pay attention to the formation and improvement of teachers' quality, focus on the development of human beings, cultivate a sound personality, and try hard to carry out people. The educational values of the starting point.
Teacher evaluation, on the premise of teacher professional development, needs special institutions, organizations and professionals. Educational evaluators must establish an organizational atmosphere with good faith, mutual respect and active cooperation to solve problems. Only in this way, the educational practice will release huge energy, and educators can cooperate to solve complex problems. With growth, we can achieve the ultimate goal of education and promote students' physical and mental development and progress.
On the basis of reflection on the drawbacks of traditional education, the United States puts forward a new concept of teacher evaluation. The new evaluation idea holds that the effective teacher evaluation should be a perfect model to ensure the combination of the quality of education and the professional development of the teachers. This evaluation system is not only a judge of teachers' work, but also more important for the promotion of teachers. To improve the teaching level and to improve the students' learning achievement. In the teacher evaluation, the humanistic spirit is embodied and the teachers in different stages are treated distinctiveness.
Teacher evaluation standard is the cornerstone of teacher evaluation. A series of clear and clear evaluation criteria is the basis of successful teacher evaluation. With the continuous evolution of teacher evaluation and evaluation system, teachers' evaluation standards have gradually changed. Teachers' evaluation begins with the standard of defining a set of "good teachers", and all of them should be taught to individual teachers. The standard itself is the end of the overall qualitative judgment. The standard itself is also the process of continuous revision and improvement, gradually infiltrating the teaching ideas and methods of education. Different evaluation indexes and standards can be used to evaluate teachers at different stages of development. The reasonable choice of quality, rough and detailed, foundation and innovation reflects the vision of educational goals and educational institutions.
Referring to the mature standard of teacher evaluation in the United States, we should adopt a sound teacher qualification standard, strictly take the entrance of teachers, optimize the teachers' team, improve the overall quality of the teachers, and improve the professional characteristics of teachers through the continuous improvement of teachers' ability standards, lead the professional development of teachers, and cultivate the ability to reflect on the teachers. Education researchers, through discriminative teacher evaluation standards, correctly evaluate teachers at different stages of development, ensure teachers' dignity, form teachers' professional style and become expert teachers. These contents are discussed in the fifth, sixth and seven chapters of this article.
Teacher evaluation is a wide field of concern for Chinese educators. It is common understanding that teachers' evaluation is becoming more and more common through teacher evaluation. It is undoubtedly of great importance to establish a scientific and feasible developing teacher evaluation system for our country by analyzing the successful experience of foreign countries.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：G451.1

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